--- title: Jeremiah 51:12 — Set up a standard against the walls of Babylon, make the watch stron… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Set up a standard against the walls of Babylon, make the watch strong, set the watchmen, prepare the ambushes; for the LORD hath both devised and done that which He spoke concerning the inhabitants of Babylon. Who acts: you, LORD. Jeremiah 51:12 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, J --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.51.12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 51](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/51/) / 51:12 # Jeremiah 51:12 יִרְמְיָהוּ **Who acts:** you, LORD · **What happens:** set up, make, set, prepare, devise, do · **To what, where:** standard, walls, watch, watchmen, ambushes, that · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Jeremiah 51:12 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — you, LORD — and what happens in the verse to standard, walls, watch, watchmen, ambushes, that, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. אֶל־חוֹמֹ֨ת בָּבֶ֜ל שְׂאוּ־נֵ֗ס הַחֲזִ֙יקוּ֙ הַמִּשְׁמָ֔ר הָקִ֙ימוּ֙ שֹֽׁמְרִ֔ים הָכִ֖ינוּ הָאֹֽרְבִ֑ים כִּ֚י גַּם־זָמַ֣ם יְהוָ֔ה גַּם־עָשָׂ֕ה אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֖ר אֶל־יֹשְׁבֵ֥י בָבֶֽל׃ [Set up a standard against the walls of Babylon, make the watch strong, set the watchmen, prepare the ambushes; for the LORD hath both devised and done that which He spoke concerning the inhabitants of Babylon.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.1389/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JER:1276 # text = אֶל־חוֹמֹ֨ת בָּבֶ֜ל שְׂאוּ־נֵ֗ס הַחֲזִ֙יקוּ֙ הַמִּשְׁמָ֔ר הָקִ֙ימוּ֙ שֹֽׁמְרִ֔ים הָכִ֖ינוּ הָאֹֽרְבִ֑ים כִּ֚י גַּם־זָמַ֣ם יְהוָ֔ה גַּם־עָשָׂ֕ה אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֖ר אֶל־יֹשְׁבֵ֥י בָבֶֽל׃ # verse = JER.51.12 1 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 2 case _ Gloss=against|Ref=JER_51:12!1|MId=o240510120011|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 2 חוֹמֹ֨ת חוֹמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 4 obl _ Gloss=the.walls|Ref=JER_51:12!2|MId=o240510120021|Strong=2346 3 בָּבֶ֜ל בָּבֶל PROPN _ _ 2 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Babylon|Ref=JER_51:12!3|MId=o240510120031|Strong=0894 4 שְׂאוּ־ נָשָׂא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 0 root _ Gloss=lift.up|Ref=JER_51:12!4|MId=o240510120041|Strong=5375|Frame=A0:240510110101;A1:240510120051;|Type=imperative|SpaceAfter=No 5 נֵ֗ס נֵס NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 obj _ Gloss=a.standard|Ref=JER_51:12!5|MId=o240510120051|Strong=5251 6 הַחֲזִ֙יקוּ֙ חָזַק VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=2 4 parataxis _ Gloss=strengthen|Ref=JER_51:12!6|MId=o240510120061|Strong=2388|Frame=AA:240510110101;A0:240510120072;|Type=imperative 7-8 הַמִּשְׁמָ֔ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 8 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JER_51:12!7|MId=o240510120071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 8 מִּשְׁמָ֔ר מִשְׁמָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 obj _ Gloss=watch|Ref=JER_51:12!7|MId=o240510120072|Strong=4929 9 הָקִ֙ימוּ֙ קוּם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=2 4 parataxis _ Gloss=station|Ref=JER_51:12!8|MId=o240510120081|Strong=6965|Frame=AA:240510110101;A0:240510120091;|Type=imperative 10 שֹֽׁמְרִ֔ים שָׁמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 9 obj _ Gloss=watchmen|Ref=JER_51:12!9|MId=o240510120091|Strong=8104|Type=participle_active 11 הָכִ֖ינוּ כּוּן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=2 4 parataxis _ Gloss=prepare|Ref=JER_51:12!10|MId=o240510120101|Strong=3559|Frame=AA:240510110101;A0:240510120112;|Type=imperative 12-13 הָאֹֽרְבִ֑ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 13 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JER_51:12!11|MId=o240510120111|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 13 אֹֽרְבִ֑ים אָרַב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 11 obj _ Gloss=ambushers|Ref=JER_51:12!11|MId=o240510120112|Strong=0693|Type=participle_active 14 כִּ֚י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 16 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=JER_51:12!12|MId=o240510120121|Strong=3588 15 גַּם־ גַּם ADV _ _ 16 advmod _ Gloss=both|Ref=JER_51:12!13|MId=o240510120131|Strong=1571|Type=affirmation|SpaceAfter=No 16 זָמַ֣ם זָמַם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 advcl _ Gloss=he.has.planned|Ref=JER_51:12!14|MId=o240510120141|Strong=2161|Frame=A0:240510120151;|Type=qatal 17 יְהוָ֔ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 16 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=JER_51:12!15|MId=o240510120151|Strong=3068 18 גַּם־ גַּם ADV _ _ 19 advmod _ Gloss=as.well.as|Ref=JER_51:12!16|MId=o240510120161|Strong=1571|Type=affirmation|SpaceAfter=No 19 עָשָׂ֕ה עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 16 conj _ Gloss=he.will.do|Ref=JER_51:12!17|MId=o240510120171|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:240510120151;A1:240510120201;|Type=qatal 20 אֵ֥ת אֵת ADP _ _ 19 obj _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JER_51:12!18|MId=o240510120181|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 21 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 22 mark _ Gloss=[that].which|Ref=JER_51:12!19|MId=o240510120191|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 22 דִּבֶּ֖ר דָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 20 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.spoke|Ref=JER_51:12!20|MId=o240510120201|Strong=1696|Frame=A0:240510120151;|Type=qatal 23 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=concerning|Ref=JER_51:12!21|MId=o240510120211|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 24 יֹשְׁבֵ֥י יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 19 advcl _ Gloss=the.inhabitants|Ref=JER_51:12!22|MId=o240510120221|Strong=3427|Type=participle_active 25 בָבֶֽל בָּבֶל PROPN _ _ 24 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Babylon|Ref=JER_51:12!23|MId=o240510120231|Strong=0894|SpaceAfter=No 26 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 25 punct _ Ref=JER_51:12!23 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | שְׂאוּ־ *lift up* | imperative · qal | | נֵס *a standard* | | | | הַחֲזִיקוּ *strengthen* | imperative · hiphil | מִּשְׁמָר *watch* | | | | | הָקִימוּ *station* | imperative · hiphil | שֹֽׁמְרִים *watchmen* | | | | | הָכִינוּ *prepare* | imperative · hiphil | אֹֽרְבִים *ambushers* | | | | | זָמַם *he has planned* | qatal · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | | עָשָׂה *he will do* | qatal · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | דִּבֶּר *he spoke* | | | | דִּבֶּר *he spoke* | qatal · piel | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} עַל שׁוּרֵי בָּבֶל זְקוּפוּ אָתָא אַתְקִיפוּ מְטַרְתָּא אַקִימוּ נָטְרַיָא אַתְקִינוּ חוּצְנָיָא אֲרֵי אַף חָשַׁב יְיָ אַף עָבֵיד יַת דְמַלֵיל עַל יַתְבֵי בָּבֶל: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Set up a standard against the walls of Babylon, make the watch strong, set the watchmen, prepare the ambushes; for the LORD hath both devised and done that which He spoke concerning the inhabitants of Babylon.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.1389/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JER:1276`. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 51:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.51.11/) - next →: [Jeremiah 51:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.51.13/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 51](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/51/)