--- title: Jeremiah 51:28 — Prepare against her the nations, the kings of the Medes, the governo… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Prepare against her the nations, the kings of the Medes, the governors thereof, and all the deputies thereof, and all the land of his dominion. Who acts: you. Jeremiah 51:28 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.51.28/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 51](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/51/) / 51:28 # Jeremiah 51:28 יִרְמְיָהוּ **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** prepare · **To what, where:** nations This is Jeremiah 51:28 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — you — and what happens in the verse to nations, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. קַדְּשׁ֨וּ עָלֶ֤יהָ גוֹיִם֙ אֶת־מַלְכֵ֣י מָדַ֔י אֶת־פַּחוֹתֶ֖יהָ וְאֶת־כָּל־סְגָנֶ֑יהָ וְאֵ֖ת כָּל־אֶ֥רֶץ מֶמְשַׁלְתּֽוֹ׃ [Prepare against her the nations, the kings of the Medes, the governors thereof, and all the deputies thereof, and all the land of his dominion.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.1405/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JER:1292 # text = קַדְּשׁ֨וּ עָלֶ֤יהָ גוֹיִם֙ אֶת־מַלְכֵ֣י מָדַ֔י אֶת־פַּחוֹתֶ֖יהָ וְאֶת־כָּל־סְגָנֶ֑יהָ וְאֵ֖ת כָּל־אֶ֥רֶץ מֶמְשַׁלְתּֽוֹ׃ # verse = JER.51.28 1 קַדְּשׁ֨וּ קָדַשׁ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur|Person=2 0 root _ Gloss=consecrate|Ref=JER_51:28!1|MId=o240510280011|Strong=6942|Frame=A0:;A1:240510280031;240510280051;240510280081;240510280111;240510280141;|Type=imperative 2-3 עָלֶ֤יהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 עָלֶ֤י עַל ADP _ _ 3 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JER_51:28!2|MId=o240510280021|Strong=5921 3 הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 1 obl _ Gloss=it|Ref=JER_51:28!2|MId=o240510280022|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 4 גוֹיִם֙ גּוֹי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 1 obj _ Gloss=nations|Ref=JER_51:28!3|MId=o240510280031|Strong=1471 5 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JER_51:28!4|MId=o240510280041|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 6 מַלְכֵ֣י מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 4 conj _ Gloss=the.kings|Ref=JER_51:28!5|MId=o240510280051|Strong=4428 7 מָדַ֔י מָדַי PROPN _ _ 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Media|Ref=JER_51:28!6|MId=o240510280061|Strong=4074 8 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JER_51:28!7|MId=o240510280071|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 9-10 פַּחוֹתֶ֖יהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 פַּחוֹתֶ֖י פֶּחָה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 6 conj _ Gloss=governors|Ref=JER_51:28!8|MId=o240510280081|Strong=6346 10 הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=JER_51:28!8|MId=o240510280082|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 11-12 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_51:28!9|MId=o240510280091|Strong=2050b 12 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JER_51:28!9|MId=o240510280092|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 13 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 conj _ Gloss=all|Ref=JER_51:28!10|MId=o240510280101|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 14-15 סְגָנֶ֑יהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 סְגָנֶ֑י סָגָן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 13 compound:smixut _ Gloss=officials|Ref=JER_51:28!11|MId=o240510280111|Strong=5461 15 הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=JER_51:28!11|MId=o240510280112|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 16-17 וְאֵ֖ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_51:28!12|MId=o240510280121|Strong=2050b 17 אֵ֖ת אֵת ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JER_51:28!12|MId=o240510280122|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 18 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 conj _ Gloss=all|Ref=JER_51:28!13|MId=o240510280131|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 19 אֶ֥רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 18 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.land|Ref=JER_51:28!14|MId=o240510280141|Strong=0776 20-21 מֶמְשַׁלְתּֽוֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 מֶמְשַׁלְתּ מֶמְשֶׁלֶת NOUN _ Number=Sing 19 compound:smixut _ Gloss=his.dominion|Ref=JER_51:28!15|MId=o240510280151|Strong=4475 21 ֽוֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=JER_51:28!15|MId=o240510280152|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 22 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 21 punct _ Ref=JER_51:28!15 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | קַדְּשׁוּ *consecrate* | imperative · piel | | גוֹיִם *nations* + מַלְכֵי *the kings* + פַּחוֹתֶי *governors* + סְגָנֶי *officials* + אֶרֶץ *the land* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} זַמִינוּ עֲלָהּ עַמְמַיָא יַת מַלְכֵי מָדָי יַת שִׁלְטוֹנָהָא וְיַת כָּל טוּרְנָהָא וְיַת כָּל אֲרַע שׁוּלְטָנֵיהּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Prepare against her the nations, the kings of the Medes, the governors thereof, and all the deputies thereof, and all the land of his dominion.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.1405/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JER:1292`. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 51:27](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.51.27/) - next →: [Jeremiah 51:29](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.51.29/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 51](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/51/)