--- title: Jeremiah 51:3 — Let the archer bend his bow against her, and let him lift himself up… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Let the archer bend his bow against her, and let him lift himself up against her in his coat of mail; and spare ye not her young men, destroy ye utterly all her host. Who acts: you, archer, Leb, ye. Jeremiah 51:3 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of eve --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.51.3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 51](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/51/) / 51:3 # Jeremiah 51:3 יִרְמְיָהוּ **Who acts:** you, archer, Leb, ye · **What happens:** let, bend, lift up, not spare, destroy · **To what, where:** archer, bow, Leb, coat, young men, host This is Jeremiah 51:3 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — you, archer, Leb, ye — and what happens in the verse to archer, bow, Leb, coat, young men, host, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. אֶֽל־יִדְרֹ֤ךְ הַדֹּרֵךְ֙ קַשְׁתּ֔וֹ וְאֶל־יִתְעַ֖ל בְּסִרְיֹנ֑וֹ וְאַֽל־תַּחְמְלוּ֙ אֶל־בַּ֣חֻרֶ֔יהָ הַחֲרִ֖ימוּ כָּל־צְבָאָֽהּ׃ [Let the archer bend his bow against her, and let him lift himself up against her in his coat of mail; and spare ye not her young men, destroy ye utterly all her host.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.1380/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JER:1267 # text = אֶֽל־יִדְרֹ֤ךְ הַדֹּרֵךְ֙ קַשְׁתּ֔וֹ וְאֶל־יִתְעַ֖ל בְּסִרְיֹנ֑וֹ וְאַֽל־תַּחְמְלוּ֙ אֶל־בַּ֣חֻרֶ֔יהָ הַחֲרִ֖ימוּ כָּל־צְבָאָֽהּ׃ # verse = JER.51.3 1 אֶֽל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 2 advmod _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_51:3!1|MId=o240510030011|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 2 יִדְרֹ֤ךְ דָּרַךְ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=let.him.bend|Ref=JER_51:3!2|MId=o240510030021|Strong=1869|Frame=A0:240510030052;A1:240510030061;|Type=yiqtol 3-4 הַדֹּרֵךְ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the.[one|Ref=JER_51:3!4|MId=o240510030041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 דֹּרֵךְ֙ דָּרַךְ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=who].bends|Ref=JER_51:3!4|MId=o240510030042|Strong=1869|Type=participle_active 5-6 קַשְׁתּ֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 קַשְׁתּ קֶשֶׁת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 obj _ Gloss=bow|Ref=JER_51:3!5|MId=o240510030051|Strong=7198 6 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=JER_51:3!5|MId=o240510030052|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 7-8 וְאֶל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_51:3!6|MId=o240510030061|Strong=2050b 8 אֶל־ אַל ADP _ _ 9 advmod _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_51:3!6|MId=o240510030062|Strong=0413 9 יִתְעַ֖ל עָלָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HITHPAEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=let.him.lift.himself|Ref=JER_51:3!7|MId=o240510030071|Strong=5927|Frame=A0:240510030052;|Type=jussive 10-12 בְּסִרְיֹנ֑וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JER_51:3!8|MId=o240510030081|Strong=0871a 11 סִרְיֹנ סִרְיֹון NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 obl _ Gloss=armor|Ref=JER_51:3!8|MId=o240510030082|Strong=5630 12 ֑וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=JER_51:3!8|MId=o240510030083|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 13-14 וְאַֽל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_51:3!9|MId=o240510030091|Strong=2050b 14 אַֽל־ אֶל ADV _ _ 15 advmod _ Gloss=do.not|Ref=JER_51:3!9|MId=o240510030092|Strong=0408|Type=negative 15 תַּחְמְלוּ֙ חָמַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 2 conj _ Gloss=spare|Ref=JER_51:3!10|MId=o240510030101|Strong=2550|Frame=A0:240510020031;|Type=yiqtol 16 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=(to)|Ref=JER_51:3!11|MId=o240510030111|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 17-18 בַּ֣חֻרֶ֔יהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 בַּ֣חֻרֶ֔י בָּחוּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 15 obl _ Gloss=men|Ref=JER_51:3!12|MId=o240510030121|Strong=0970 18 הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its.young|Ref=JER_51:3!12|MId=o240510030122|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 19 הַחֲרִ֖ימוּ חָרַם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=2 15 parataxis _ Gloss=totally.destroy|Ref=JER_51:3!13|MId=o240510030131|Strong=2763|Frame=AA:240510020031;A0:240510030161;|Type=imperative 20 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 obj _ Gloss=all|Ref=JER_51:3!14|MId=o240510030141|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 21-22 צְבָאָֽהּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 צְבָא צָבָא NOUN _ Number=Sing 20 compound:smixut _ Gloss=army|Ref=JER_51:3!15|MId=o240510030151|Strong=6635 22 ָֽהּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=JER_51:3!15|MId=o240510030152|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 23 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 22 punct _ Ref=JER_51:3!15 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: request - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִדְרֹךְ *let him bend* | yiqtol · qal | וֹ *his* | וְ *and* | | | | **not** יִתְעַל *let him lift himself* | jussive · hithpael | וֹ *his* | | | | | תַּחְמְלוּ *spare* | yiqtol · qal | | | | | | הַחֲרִימוּ *totally destroy* | imperative · hiphil | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} לָא יִמְתַּח דִמְתַּח קַשְׁתֵּיהּ וְלָא יִסַק בְּסִרְיָנַיָהּ וְלָא תְחוּסוּן עַל עוּלֵימָהָא גַמִירוּ כָּל נִכְסָהָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Let the archer bend his bow against her, and let him lift himself up against her in his coat of mail; and spare ye not her young men, destroy ye utterly all her host.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.1380/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JER:1267`. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 51:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.51.2/) - next →: [Jeremiah 51:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.51.4/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 51](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/51/)