--- title: Jeremiah 51:30 — The mighty men of Babylon have forborne to fight, they remain in the… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: The mighty men of Babylon have forborne to fight, they remain in their strongholds; their might hath failed, they are become as women; her dwelling-places are set on fire; her bars are broken. Who acts: mighty men, men, might. Jeremiah 51:30 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1 --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.51.30/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 51](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/51/) / 51:30 # Jeremiah 51:30 יִרְמְיָהוּ **Who acts:** mighty men, men, might · **What happens:** forbear, fight, remain, fail, become, set · **To what, where:** strongholds, dwelling places, fire, bars This is Jeremiah 51:30 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — mighty men, men, might — and what happens in the verse to strongholds, dwelling places, fire, bars, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. חָדְלוּ֩ גִבּוֹרֵ֨י בָבֶ֜ל לְהִלָּחֵ֗ם יָֽשְׁבוּ֙ בַּמְּצָד֔וֹת נָשְׁתָ֥ה גְבוּרָתָ֖ם הָי֣וּ לְנָשִׁ֑ים הִצִּ֥יתוּ מִשְׁכְּנֹתֶ֖יהָ נִשְׁבְּר֥וּ בְרִיחֶֽיהָ׃ [The mighty men of Babylon have forborne to fight, they remain in their strongholds; their might hath failed, they are become as women; her dwelling-places are set on fire; her bars are broken.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.1407/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JER:1294 # text = חָדְלוּ֩ גִבּוֹרֵ֨י בָבֶ֜ל לְהִלָּחֵ֗ם יָֽשְׁבוּ֙ בַּמְּצָד֔וֹת נָשְׁתָ֥ה גְבוּרָתָ֖ם הָי֣וּ לְנָשִׁ֑ים הִצִּ֥יתוּ מִשְׁכְּנֹתֶ֖יהָ נִשְׁבְּר֥וּ בְרִיחֶֽיהָ׃ # verse = JER.51.30 1 חָדְלוּ֩ חָדַל VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.will.cease|Ref=JER_51:30!1|MId=o240510300011|Strong=2308|Frame=A0:240510300021;|Type=qatal 2 גִבּוֹרֵ֨י גִּבּוֹר ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 1 nsubj _ Gloss=the.warriors|Ref=JER_51:30!2|MId=o240510300021|Strong=1368|Type=adjective 3 בָבֶ֜ל בָּבֶל PROPN _ _ 2 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Babylon|Ref=JER_51:30!3|MId=o240510300031|Strong=0894 4-5 לְהִלָּחֵ֗ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_51:30!4|MId=o240510300041|Strong=3807a 5 הִלָּחֵ֗ם לָחַם VERB _ HebBinyan=NIPHAL 1 xcomp _ Gloss=fight|Ref=JER_51:30!4|MId=o240510300042|Strong=3898|Frame=A0:240510300021;|Type=infinitive_construct 6 יָֽשְׁבוּ֙ יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 1 parataxis _ Gloss=they.will.remain|Ref=JER_51:30!5|MId=o240510300051|Strong=3427|Frame=A0:240510300021;|Type=qatal 7-9 בַּמְּצָד֔וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JER_51:30!6|MId=o240510300061|Strong=0871a 8 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JER_51:30!6|MId=o240510300061ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 מְּצָד֔וֹת מְצָד NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 6 obl _ Gloss=strongholds|Ref=JER_51:30!6|MId=o240510300062|Strong=4679 10 נָשְׁתָ֥ה נָשַׁת VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 1 parataxis _ Gloss=it.will.be.dry|Ref=JER_51:30!7|MId=o240510300071|Strong=5405|Frame=A0:240510300081;|Type=qatal 11-12 גְבוּרָתָ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 גְבוּרָת גְּבוּרָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ Gloss=strength|Ref=JER_51:30!8|MId=o240510300081|Strong=1369 12 ָ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=JER_51:30!8|MId=o240510300082|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 13 הָי֣וּ הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 15 cop _ Gloss=they.will.become|Ref=JER_51:30!9|MId=o240510300091|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:240510300021;|Type=qatal 14-15 לְנָשִׁ֑ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=(into)|Ref=JER_51:30!10|MId=o240510300101|Strong=3807a 15 נָשִׁ֑ים אִשָּׁה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 1 parataxis _ Gloss=women|Ref=JER_51:30!10|MId=o240510300102|Strong=0802 16 הִצִּ֥יתוּ יָצַת VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 1 parataxis _ Gloss=they.will.be.set.on.fire|Ref=JER_51:30!11|MId=o240510300111|Strong=3341|Frame=AA:240510280031;240510280051;240510280081;240510280111;240510280141;A0:240510300121;|Type=qatal 17-18 מִשְׁכְּנֹתֶ֖יהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 מִשְׁכְּנֹתֶ֖י מִשְׁכָּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 16 obj _ Gloss=dwellings|Ref=JER_51:30!12|MId=o240510300121|Strong=4908 18 הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=JER_51:30!12|MId=o240510300122|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 19 נִשְׁבְּר֥וּ שָׁבַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 1 parataxis _ Gloss=they.will.be.broken|Ref=JER_51:30!13|MId=o240510300131|Strong=7665|Frame=A1:240510300141;|Type=qatal 20-21 בְרִיחֶֽיהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 בְרִיחֶֽי בְּרִיחַ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 19 nsubj _ Gloss=bars|Ref=JER_51:30!14|MId=o240510300141|Strong=1280 21 הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=JER_51:30!14|MId=o240510300142|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 22 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 21 punct _ Ref=JER_51:30!14 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | חָדְלוּ *they will cease* | qatal · qal | גִבּוֹרֵי *the warriors* | | | | | הִלָּחֵם *fight* | infinitive construct · niphal | גִבּוֹרֵי *the warriors* | | | | | יָֽשְׁבוּ *they will remain* | qatal · qal | גִבּוֹרֵי *the warriors* | | | | | נָשְׁתָה *it will be dry* | qatal · qal | גְבוּרָת *strength* | | | | | הָיוּ *they will become* | qatal · qal | גִבּוֹרֵי *the warriors* | | | | | הִצִּיתוּ *they will be set on fire* | qatal · hiphil | מִשְׁכְּנֹתֶי *dwellings* | | | | | נִשְׁבְּרוּ *they will be broken* | qatal · niphal | | בְרִיחֶֽי *bars* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} אִתְמְנִיעוּ גִבָּרֵי בָּבֶל מִלְאֲגָחָא קְרָבָא יְתִיבוּ בְמִצָדַיָא אִתְּבָרַת גִבָּרוּתְהוֹן הֲווֹ חֲלִישִׁין כִּנְשַׁיָא אִתְדְלָקָא בִּרְנְיָתָהָא אִתְבָּרוּ עַבְּרָהָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [The mighty men of Babylon have forborne to fight, they remain in their strongholds; their might hath failed, they are become as women; her dwelling-places are set on fire; her bars are broken.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.1407/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JER:1294`. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 51:29](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.51.29/) - next →: [Jeremiah 51:31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.51.31/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 51](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/51/)