--- title: Jeremiah 51:31 — One post runneth to meet another, and one messenger to meet an other… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: One post runneth to meet another, and one messenger to meet an other, to tell the king of Babylon that his city is taken on every quarter; Who acts: One post. Jeremiah 51:31 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.51.31/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 51](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/51/) / 51:31 # Jeremiah 51:31 יִרְמְיָהוּ **Who acts:** One post · **What happens:** run, meet, tell, take · **To what, where:** another, other, king, city, quarter · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Jeremiah 51:31 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — One post — and what happens in the verse to another, other, king, city, quarter, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. רָ֤ץ לִקְרַאת־רָץ֙ יָר֔וּץ וּמַגִּ֖יד לִקְרַ֣את מַגִּ֑יד לְהַגִּיד֙ לְמֶ֣לֶךְ בָּבֶ֔ל כִּֽי־נִלְכְּדָ֥ה עִיר֖וֹ מִקָּצֶֽה׃ [One post runneth to meet another, and one messenger to meet an other, to tell the king of Babylon that his city is taken on every quarter;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.1408/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JER:1295 # text = רָ֤ץ לִקְרַאת־רָץ֙ יָר֔וּץ וּמַגִּ֖יד לִקְרַ֣את מַגִּ֑יד לְהַגִּיד֙ לְמֶ֣לֶךְ בָּבֶ֔ל כִּֽי־נִלְכְּדָ֥ה עִיר֖וֹ מִקָּצֶֽה׃ # verse = JER.51.31 1 רָ֤ץ רוּץ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ Gloss=a.runner|Ref=JER_51:31!1|MId=o240510310011|Strong=7323|Type=participle_active 2-3 לִקְרַאת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 3 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_51:31!2|MId=o240510310021|Strong=3807a 3 קְרַאת־ קרא VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 5 advcl _ Gloss=meet|Ref=JER_51:31!2|MId=o240510310022|Strong=7122|Frame=A0:240510310011;A1:240510310031;|Type=infinitive_construct 4 רָץ֙ רוּץ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 3 obj _ Gloss=a.runner|Ref=JER_51:31!3|MId=o240510310031|Strong=7323|Type=participle_active 5 יָר֔וּץ רוּץ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.will.run|Ref=JER_51:31!4|MId=o240510310041|Strong=7323|Frame=A0:240510310011;|Type=yiqtol 6-7 וּמַגִּ֖יד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 7 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_51:31!5|MId=o240510310051|Strong=2050b 7 מַגִּ֖יד נָגַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing 5 conj _ Gloss=a.messenger|Ref=JER_51:31!5|MId=o240510310052|Strong=5046|Type=participle_active 8-9 לִקְרַ֣את _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_51:31!6|MId=o240510310061|Strong=3807a 9 קְרַ֣את קרא VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 7 advcl _ Gloss=meet|Ref=JER_51:31!6|MId=o240510310062|Strong=7122|Frame=A0:240510310052;A1:240510310071;|Type=infinitive_construct 10 מַגִּ֑יד נָגַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing 9 obj _ Gloss=a.messenger|Ref=JER_51:31!7|MId=o240510310071|Strong=5046|Type=participle_active 11-12 לְהַגִּיד֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_51:31!8|MId=o240510310081|Strong=3807a 12 הַגִּיד֙ נָגַד VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 7 advcl _ Gloss=tell|Ref=JER_51:31!8|MId=o240510310082|Strong=5046|Frame=AA:240510310052;A0:240510310121;|Type=infinitive_construct 13-14 לְמֶ֣לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_51:31!9|MId=o240510310091|Strong=3807a 14 מֶ֣לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 obl _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=JER_51:31!9|MId=o240510310092|Strong=4428 15 בָּבֶ֔ל בָּבֶל PROPN _ _ 14 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Babylon|Ref=JER_51:31!10|MId=o240510310101|Strong=0894 16 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 17 mark _ Gloss=(dm).that|Ref=JER_51:31!11|MId=o240510310111|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 17 נִלְכְּדָ֥ה לָכַד VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 12 ccomp _ Gloss=it.has.been.captured|Ref=JER_51:31!12|MId=o240510310121|Strong=3920|Frame=A1:240510310131;|Type=qatal 18-19 עִיר֖וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 עִיר עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 17 nsubj _ Gloss=city|Ref=JER_51:31!13|MId=o240510310131|Strong=5892 19 ֖וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=JER_51:31!13|MId=o240510310132|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 20-21 מִקָּצֶֽה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=from.[the]|Ref=JER_51:31!14|MId=o240510310141|Strong=4480 21 קָּצֶֽה קָצֶה NOUN _ Number=Sing 17 obl _ Gloss=end|Ref=JER_51:31!14|MId=o240510310142|Strong=7097 22 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 21 punct _ Ref=JER_51:31!14 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | קְרַאת־ *meet* | infinitive construct · qal | רָץ *a runner* | רָץ *a runner* | | | | יָרוּץ *he will run* | yiqtol · qal | רָץ *a runner* | | | | | קְרַאת *meet* | infinitive construct · qal | מַגִּיד *a messenger* | מַגִּיד *a messenger* | | | | הַגִּיד *tell* | infinitive construct · hiphil | נִלְכְּדָה *it has been captured* | | | מַגִּיד *a messenger* | | נִלְכְּדָה *it has been captured* | qatal · niphal | | עִיר *city* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} רָהִיט לִקֳדָמוּת רָהִיט יִרְהוֹט וּמְחַוֵי לִקֳדָמוּת מִחַוֵי לְחַוָאָה לְמַלְכָּא דְבָבֶל אֲרֵי אִתְכְּבִישַׁת קַרְתֵּיהּ מִסוֹפֵיהּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [One post runneth to meet another, and one messenger to meet an other, to tell the king of Babylon that his city is taken on every quarter;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.1408/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JER:1295`. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 51:30](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.51.30/) - next →: [Jeremiah 51:32](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.51.32/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 51](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/51/)