--- title: Jeremiah 6:23 — They lay hold on bow and spear, they are cruel, and have no compassi… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: They lay hold on bow and spear, they are cruel, and have no compassion; their voice is like the roaring sea, and they ride upon horses; set in array, as a man for war, against thee, O daughter of Zion. Who acts: people, voice. Jeremiah 6:23 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 19 --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.6.23/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/6/) / 6:23 # Jeremiah 6:23 יִרְמְיָהוּ **Who acts:** people, voice · **What happens:** lay hold, be, have, roar, ride, set · **To what, where:** bow, compassion, array This is Jeremiah 6:23 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — people, voice — and what happens in the verse to bow, compassion, array, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. קֶ֣שֶׁת וְכִיד֞וֹן יַחֲזִ֗יקוּ אַכְזָרִ֥י הוּא֙ וְלֹ֣א יְרַחֵ֔מוּ קוֹלָם֙ כַּיָּ֣ם יֶהֱמֶ֔ה וְעַל־סוּסִ֖ים יִרְכָּ֑בוּ עָר֗וּךְ כְּאִישׁ֙ לַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה עָלַ֖יִךְ בַּת־צִיּֽוֹן׃ [They lay hold on bow and spear, they are cruel, and have no compassion; their voice is like the roaring sea, and they ride upon horses; set in array, as a man for war, against thee, O daughter of Zion.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.194/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JER:165 # text = קֶ֣שֶׁת וְכִיד֞וֹן יַחֲזִ֗יקוּ אַכְזָרִ֥י הוּא֙ וְלֹ֣א יְרַחֵ֔מוּ קוֹלָם֙ כַּיָּ֣ם יֶהֱמֶ֔ה וְעַל־סוּסִ֖ים יִרְכָּ֑בוּ עָר֗וּךְ כְּאִישׁ֙ לַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה עָלַ֖יִךְ בַּת־צִיּֽוֹן׃ # verse = JER.6.23 1 קֶ֣שֶׁת קֶשֶׁת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 4 obj _ Gloss=bow|Ref=JER_6:23!1|MId=o240060230011|Strong=7198 2-3 וְכִיד֞וֹן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 3 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_6:23!2|MId=o240060230021|Strong=2050b 3 כִיד֞וֹן כִּידוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 1 conj _ Gloss=javelin|Ref=JER_6:23!2|MId=o240060230022|Strong=3591 4 יַחֲזִ֗יקוּ חָזַק VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.take.hold.of|Ref=JER_6:23!3|MId=o240060230031|Strong=2388|Frame=AA:240060220092;A0:240060230011;240060230022;|Type=yiqtol 5 אַכְזָרִ֥י אַכְזָרִי ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 parataxis _ Gloss=[is].cruel|Ref=JER_6:23!4|MId=o240060230041|Strong=0394|Type=adjective 6 הוּא֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 nsubj _ Gloss=it|Ref=JER_6:23!5|MId=o240060230051|Strong=1931|Type=personal 7-8 וְלֹ֣א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_6:23!6|MId=o240060230061|Strong=2050b 8 לֹ֣א לֹא ADV _ _ 9 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=JER_6:23!6|MId=o240060230062|Strong=3808|Type=negative 9 יְרַחֵ֔מוּ רָחַם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur|Person=3 5 conj _ Gloss=they.have.mercy|Ref=JER_6:23!7|MId=o240060230071|Strong=7355|Frame=A0:240060220092;|Type=yiqtol 10-11 קוֹלָם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 קוֹל קוֹל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 nsubj _ Gloss=sound|Ref=JER_6:23!8|MId=o240060230081|Strong=6963 11 ָם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=JER_6:23!8|MId=o240060230082|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 12-14 כַּיָּ֣ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 כַּ כְּ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=[is].like|Ref=JER_6:23!9|MId=o240060230091|Strong=3509a 13 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 14 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JER_6:23!9|MId=o240060230091ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 14 יָּ֣ם יָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 obl _ Gloss=sea|Ref=JER_6:23!9|MId=o240060230092|Strong=3220 15 יֶהֱמֶ֔ה הָמָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 parataxis _ Gloss=[which].it.roars|Ref=JER_6:23!10|MId=o240060230101|Strong=1993|Frame=A0:240060230081;|Type=yiqtol 16-17 וְעַל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_6:23!11|MId=o240060230111|Strong=2050b 17 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JER_6:23!11|MId=o240060230112|Strong=5921 18 סוּסִ֖ים סוּס NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 19 obl _ Gloss=horses|Ref=JER_6:23!12|MId=o240060230121|Strong=5483 19 יִרְכָּ֑בוּ רָכַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 15 conj _ Gloss=they.ride|Ref=JER_6:23!13|MId=o240060230131|Strong=7392|Frame=A0:240060220092;|Type=yiqtol 20 עָר֗וּךְ עָרַךְ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 4 parataxis _ Gloss=[they.are].arranged|Ref=JER_6:23!14|MId=o240060230141|Strong=6186|Frame=A1:240060220092;|Type=participle_passive 21-22 כְּאִישׁ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 כְּ כְּ ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=JER_6:23!15|MId=o240060230151|Strong=3509a 22 אִישׁ֙ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 obl _ Gloss=a.man|Ref=JER_6:23!15|MId=o240060230152|Strong=0376 23-25 לַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=JER_6:23!16|MId=o240060230161|Strong=3807a 24 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 25 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JER_6:23!16|MId=o240060230161ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 25 מִּלְחָמָ֔ה מִלְחָמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 20 obl _ Gloss=battle|Ref=JER_6:23!16|MId=o240060230162|Strong=4421 26-27 עָלַ֖יִךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 עָלַ֖י עַל ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JER_6:23!17|MId=o240060230171|Strong=5921 27 ִךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 20 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=JER_6:23!17|MId=o240060230172|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 28 בַּת־ בַּת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 20 parataxis _ Gloss=O.daughter|Ref=JER_6:23!18|MId=o240060230181|Strong=1323|SpaceAfter=No 29 צִיּֽוֹן צִיּוֹן PROPN _ _ 28 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Zion|Ref=JER_6:23!19|MId=o240060230191|Strong=6726|SpaceAfter=No 30 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 29 punct _ Ref=JER_6:23!19 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יַחֲזִיקוּ *they take hold of* | yiqtol · hiphil | קֶשֶׁת *bow* + כִידוֹן *javelin* | | | | | **not** יְרַחֵמוּ *they have mercy* | yiqtol · piel | | | | | | יֶהֱמֶה *\[which\] it roars* | yiqtol · qal | קוֹל *sound* | | | | | יִרְכָּבוּ *they ride* | yiqtol · qal | | | | | | עָרוּךְ *\[they are\] arranged* | participle passive · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} קַשְׁתָּן וּתְרֵיסִין אֲחִידִין אַכְזְרְאִין אִינוּן וְלֵית לְהוֹן רַחֲמִין קָלְהוֹן כְּיַמָא בְּאִתְרְגוֹשֵׁיהּ וְעַל סוּסְוָתָא רְכֵיבִין מְסַדְרִין אִינוּן כִּגְבַר עָבֵיד קְרָבִין עֲלָךְ כְּנִשְׁתָּא דְצִיוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [They lay hold on bow and spear, they are cruel, and have no compassion; their voice is like the roaring sea, and they ride upon horses; set in array, as a man for war, against thee, O daughter of Zion.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.194/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JER:165`. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 6:22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.6.22/) - next →: [Jeremiah 6:24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.6.24/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/6/)