--- title: Jeremiah 7:31 — And they have built the high places of Topheth, which is in the vall… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And they have built the high places of Topheth, which is in the valley of the son of Hinnom, to burn their sons and their daughters in the fire; which I commanded not, neither came it into My mind. Who acts: children, high places, I, place. Jeremiah 7:31 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jo --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.7.31/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/7/) / 7:31 # Jeremiah 7:31 יִרְמְיָהוּ **Who acts:** children, high places, I, place, My · **What happens:** build, be, burn, not command, come, mind · **To what, where:** high places, valley, sons, fire, mind · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Jeremiah 7:31 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — children, high places, I, place, My — and what happens in the verse to high places, valley, sons, fire, mind, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וּבָנ֞וּ בָּמ֣וֹת הַתֹּ֗פֶת אֲשֶׁר֙ בְּגֵ֣יא בֶנ־הִנֹּ֔ם גֵ֣יא בֶנ־הִנֹּ֔םגֵ֣יא בֶנ־הִנֹּ֔ם לִשְׂרֹ֛ף אֶת־בְּנֵיהֶ֥ם וְאֶת־בְּנֹתֵיהֶ֖ם בָּאֵ֑שׁ אֲשֶׁר֙ לֹ֣א צִוִּ֔יתִי וְלֹ֥א עָלְתָ֖ה עַל־לִבִּֽי׃ס [And they have built the high places of Topheth, which is in the valley of the son of Hinnom, to burn their sons and their daughters in the fire; which I commanded not, neither came it into My mind.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.233/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JER:203 # text = וּבָנ֞וּ בָּמ֣וֹת הַתֹּ֗פֶת אֲשֶׁר֙ בְּגֵ֣יא בֶנ־הִנֹּ֔ם גֵ֣יא בֶנ־הִנֹּ֔םגֵ֣יא בֶנ־הִנֹּ֔ם לִשְׂרֹ֛ף אֶת־בְּנֵיהֶ֥ם וְאֶת־בְּנֹתֵיהֶ֖ם בָּאֵ֑שׁ אֲשֶׁר֙ לֹ֣א צִוִּ֔יתִי וְלֹ֥א עָלְתָ֖ה עַל־לִבִּֽי׃ס # verse = JER.7.31 1-2 וּבָנ֞וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_7:31!1|MId=o240070310011|Strong=2050b 2 בָנ֞וּ בָּנָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.have.built|Ref=JER_7:31!1|MId=o240070310012|Strong=1129|Frame=A0:240070300031;A1:240070310021;|Type=qatal 3 בָּמ֣וֹת בָּמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 2 obj _ Gloss=the.high.places|Ref=JER_7:31!2|MId=o240070310021|Strong=1116 4-5 הַתֹּ֗פֶת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=of.(the)|Ref=JER_7:31!3|MId=o240070310031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 5 תֹּ֗פֶת תֹּפֶת PROPN _ _ 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Topheth|Ref=JER_7:31!3|MId=o240070310032|Strong=8612 6 אֲשֶׁר֙ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 8 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=JER_7:31!4|MId=o240070310041|Strong=0834|Type=relative 7-8 בְּגֵ֣יא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=[is].in|Ref=JER_7:31!5|MId=o240070310051|Strong=0871a 8 גֵ֣יא גַּיְא NOUN _ Number=Sing 3 acl:relcl _ Gloss=the.valley|Ref=JER_7:31!5|MId=o240070310052 9 בֶנ־הִנֹּ֔ם _ NOUN _ _ 8 flat _ Ref=JER_7:31!5 10 גֵ֣יא בֶּן PROPN _ _ 8 nmod _ Gloss=of|Ref=JER_7:31!6|MId=o240070310061 11-12 בֶנ־הִנֹּ֔םגֵ֣יא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 בֶנ־הִנֹּ֔ם הִנֹּם PROPN _ _ 10 flat:name _ Ref=JER_7:31!6 12 גֵ֣יא הִנֹּם PROPN _ _ 8 nmod _ Gloss=Ben.Hinnom|Ref=JER_7:31!7|MId=o240070310071 13 בֶנ־הִנֹּ֔ם _ PROPN _ _ 12 flat:name _ Ref=JER_7:31!7 14-15 לִשְׂרֹ֛ף _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_7:31!8|MId=o240070310081|Strong=3807a 15 שְׂרֹ֛ף שָׂרַף VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 2 advcl _ Gloss=burn|Ref=JER_7:31!8|MId=o240070310082|Strong=8313|Frame=A0:240070300031;A1:240070310081;240070310101;|Type=infinitive_construct 16 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JER_7:31!9|MId=o240070310091|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 17-18 בְּנֵיהֶ֥ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 בְּנֵי בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 15 obj _ Gloss=sons|Ref=JER_7:31!10|MId=o240070310101|Strong=1121 18 הֶ֥ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=JER_7:31!10|MId=o240070310102|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 19-20 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_7:31!11|MId=o240070310111|Strong=2050b 20 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JER_7:31!11|MId=o240070310112|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 21-22 בְּנֹתֵיהֶ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 בְּנֹתֵי בַּת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 17 conj _ Gloss=daughters|Ref=JER_7:31!12|MId=o240070310121|Strong=1323 22 הֶ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=JER_7:31!12|MId=o240070310122|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 23-25 בָּאֵ֑שׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 בָּ בְּ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JER_7:31!13|MId=o240070310131|Strong=0871a 24 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 25 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JER_7:31!13|MId=o240070310131ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 25 אֵ֑שׁ אֵשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 15 obl _ Gloss=fire|Ref=JER_7:31!13|MId=o240070310132|Strong=0784 26 אֲשֶׁר֙ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 28 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=JER_7:31!14|MId=o240070310141|Strong=0834|Type=relative 27 לֹ֣א לֹא ADV _ _ 28 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=JER_7:31!15|MId=o240070310151|Strong=3808|Type=negative 28 צִוִּ֔יתִי צָוָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 parataxis _ Gloss=I.commanded|Ref=JER_7:31!16|MId=o240070310161|Strong=6680|Frame=A0:240070300081;|Type=qatal 29-30 וְלֹ֥א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 31 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_7:31!17|MId=o240070310171|Strong=2050b 30 לֹ֥א לֹא ADV _ _ 31 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=JER_7:31!17|MId=o240070310172|Strong=3808|Type=negative 31 עָלְתָ֖ה עָלָה VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 28 conj _ Gloss=it.came.up|Ref=JER_7:31!18|MId=o240070310181|Strong=5927|Frame=A0:240070310062;|Type=qatal 32 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 33 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JER_7:31!19|MId=o240070310191|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 33-34 לִבִּֽי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 לִבּ לֵב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 31 obl _ Gloss=heart|Ref=JER_7:31!20|MId=o240070310201|Strong=3820 34 ִֽי הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 33 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=JER_7:31!20|MId=o240070310202|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 35 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 34 punct _ Ref=JER_7:31!20|SpaceAfter=No 36 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 34 punct _ Ref=JER_7:31!20 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | בָנוּ *they have built* | qatal · qal | | בָּמוֹת *the high places* | | | | שְׂרֹף *burn* | infinitive construct · qal | | לִ *to* + בְּנֵי *sons* | | | | **not** צִוִּיתִי *I commanded* | qatal · piel | | | | | | **not** עָלְתָה *it came up* | qatal · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּבְנוֹ בָּמַת תּוֹפֶת דִי בְחֵילַת בַּר הִנוֹם לְאוֹקָדָא יַת בְּנֵיהוֹן וְיַת בְּנָתֵיהוֹן בְּנוּרָא דְלָא פַקְדֵית בְּאוֹרַיְתִי וְלָא רַעֲוָא קָדְמַי: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And they have built the high places of Topheth, which is in the valley of the son of Hinnom, to burn their sons and their daughters in the fire; which I commanded not, neither came it into My mind.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.233/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JER:203`. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 7:30](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.7.30/) - next →: [Jeremiah 7:32](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.7.32/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/7/)