--- title: Jeremiah 8:14 — 'Why do we sit still? Assemble yourselves, and let us enter into the… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: 'Why do we sit still? Assemble yourselves, and let us enter into the fortified cities, and let us be cut off there; for the LORD our God hath cut us off, and given us water of gall to drink, because we have sinned against the LORD. Who acts: we, you, us, LORD. Jeremiah 8:14 in Hebrew with its depend --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.8.14/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/8/) / 8:14 # Jeremiah 8:14 יִרְמְיָהוּ **Who acts:** we, you, us, LORD · **What happens:** sit, assemble, let, enter, fortify, cut off · **To what, where:** yourselves, us, fortified cities, water This is Jeremiah 8:14 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — we, you, us, LORD — and what happens in the verse to yourselves, us, fortified cities, water, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. עַל־מָה֙ אֲנַ֣חְנוּ יֹֽשְׁבִ֔ים הֵֽאָסְפ֗וּ וְנָב֛וֹא אֶל־עָרֵ֥י הַמִּבְצָ֖ר וְנִדְּמָה־שָּׁ֑ם כִּי֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֵ֤ינוּ הֲדִמָּ֙נוּ֙ וַיַּשְׁקֵ֣נוּ מֵי־רֹ֔אשׁ כִּ֥י חָטָ֖אנוּ לַיהוָֽה׃ ['Why do we sit still?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.253/) [Assemble yourselves, and let us enter into the fortified cities, and let us be cut off there; for the LORD our God hath cut us off, and given us water of gall to drink, because we have sinned against the LORD.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.254/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JER:220 # text = עַל־מָה֙ אֲנַ֣חְנוּ יֹֽשְׁבִ֔ים הֵֽאָסְפ֗וּ וְנָב֛וֹא אֶל־עָרֵ֥י הַמִּבְצָ֖ר וְנִדְּמָה־שָּׁ֑ם כִּי֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֵ֤ינוּ הֲדִמָּ֙נוּ֙ וַיַּשְׁקֵ֣נוּ מֵי־רֹ֔אשׁ כִּ֥י חָטָ֖אנוּ לַיהוָֽה׃ # verse = JER.8.14 1 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 2 case _ Gloss=concerning|Ref=JER_8:14!1|MId=o240080140011|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 2 מָה֙ מָה PRON _ PronType=Int 4 obl _ Gloss=what?|Ref=JER_8:14!2|MId=o240080140021|Strong=4100|Type=interrogative 3 אֲנַ֣חְנוּ אֲנַחְנוּ PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 4 nsubj _ Gloss=[are].we|Ref=JER_8:14!3|MId=o240080140031|Strong=0587|Type=personal 4 יֹֽשְׁבִ֔ים יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 0 root _ Gloss=sitting|Ref=JER_8:14!4|MId=o240080140041|Strong=3427|Frame=A0:240080140031;|Type=participle_active 5 הֵֽאָסְפ֗וּ אָסַף VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 4 parataxis _ Gloss=gather.yourselves|Ref=JER_8:14!5|MId=o240080140051|Strong=0622|Frame=A1:240080110041;|Type=imperative 6-7 וְנָב֛וֹא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 7 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_8:14!6|MId=o240080140061|Strong=2050b 7 נָב֛וֹא בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=1 4 conj _ Gloss=let.us.go|Ref=JER_8:14!6|MId=o240080140062|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:240080110041;|Type=cohortative 8 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=into|Ref=JER_8:14!7|MId=o240080140071|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 9 עָרֵ֥י עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 7 obl _ Gloss=the.cities|Ref=JER_8:14!8|MId=o240080140081|Strong=5892 10-11 הַמִּבְצָ֖ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 11 det _ Gloss=of.(the)|Ref=JER_8:14!9|MId=o240080140091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 11 מִּבְצָ֖ר מִבְצָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 compound:smixut _ Gloss=fortification|Ref=JER_8:14!9|MId=o240080140092|Strong=4013 12-13 וְנִדְּמָה־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=so|Ref=JER_8:14!10|MId=o240080140101|Strong=2050b 13 נִדְּמָה־ דָּמַם VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=1 4 conj _ Gloss=that.we.may.perish|Ref=JER_8:14!10|MId=o240080140102|Strong=1826b|Frame=A0:240080110041;|Type=cohortative 14 שָּׁ֑ם שָׁם ADV _ _ 13 advmod _ Gloss=there|Ref=JER_8:14!11|MId=o240080140111|Strong=8033 15 כִּי֩ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 19 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=JER_8:14!12|MId=o240080140121|Strong=3588 16 יְהוָ֨ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 19 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=JER_8:14!13|MId=o240080140131|Strong=3068 17-18 אֱלֹהֵ֤ינוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 אֱלֹהֵ֤י אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 16 appos _ Gloss=God|Ref=JER_8:14!14|MId=o240080140141|Strong=0430 18 נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 17 nmod:poss _ Gloss=our|Ref=JER_8:14!14|MId=o240080140142|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 19-20 הֲדִמָּ֙נוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 הֲדִמּ דָּמַם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 advcl _ Gloss=he|Ref=JER_8:14!15|MId=o240080140151|Strong=1826b|Frame=AA:240080140131;A0:240080140152;|Type=qatal 20 ָ֙נוּ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 19 obj _ Gloss=has.caused.us.to.perish|Ref=JER_8:14!15|MId=o240080140152|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 21-23 וַיַּשְׁקֵ֣נוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_8:14!16|MId=o240080140161|Strong=2050b 22 יַּשְׁק שָׁקָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 conj _ Gloss=he|Ref=JER_8:14!16|MId=o240080140162|Strong=8248|Frame=AA:240080140131;A0:240080140163;A1:240080140171;|Type=wayyiqtol 23 ֵ֣נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 22 obj _ Gloss=has.given.us.to.drink|Ref=JER_8:14!16|MId=o240080140163|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 24 מֵי־ מַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 22 xcomp _ Gloss=water|Ref=JER_8:14!17|MId=o240080140171|Strong=4325|SpaceAfter=No 25 רֹ֔אשׁ רֹאשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 24 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.poison|Ref=JER_8:14!18|MId=o240080140181|Strong=7219 26 כִּ֥י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 27 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=JER_8:14!19|MId=o240080140191|Strong=3588 27 חָטָ֖אנוּ חָטָא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=1 4 advcl _ Gloss=we.have.sinned|Ref=JER_8:14!20|MId=o240080140201|Strong=2398|Frame=A0:240080110041;|Type=qatal 28-29 לַיהוָֽה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_8:14!21|MId=o240080140211|Strong=3807a 29 יהוָֽה יהוה PROPN _ _ 27 obl _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=JER_8:14!21|MId=o240080140212|Strong=3068 30 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 29 punct _ Ref=JER_8:14!21 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: wh-question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹֽשְׁבִים *sitting* | participle active · qal | אֲנַחְנוּ *\[are\] we* | | | | | הֵֽאָסְפוּ *gather yourselves* | imperative · niphal | | | | | | נָבוֹא *let us go* | cohortative · qal | | | | | | נִדְּמָה־ *that we may perish* | cohortative · qal | | | | | | הֲדִמּ *he* | qatal · hiphil | ָנוּ *has caused us to perish* | | | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | יַּשְׁק *he* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | ֵנוּ *has given us to drink* | מֵי־ *water* | | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | חָטָאנוּ *we have sinned* | qatal · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} עַל מָה אֲנַחְנָא יָתְבוּן אִתְכְּנָשׁוּ וְנֵיעוֹל לְקִרְוִין כְּרִיכָן וְנִשְׁתּוֹק תַּמָן אֲרֵי יְיָ אֱלָהָנָא אַיְתִי עֲלָנָא תְּבַר וְאַבְהֲתָנָא וְאַשְׁקָנָא כָּס דִלְוָט בִּישׁ כְּרֵישֵׁי חֵיוָן אֲרֵי חַבְנָא קֳדָם יְיָ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. ['Why do we sit still?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.253/) 2. [Assemble yourselves, and let us enter into the fortified cities, and let us be cut off there; for the LORD our God hath cut us off, and given us water of gall to drink, because we have sinned against the LORD.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.254/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JER:220`. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 8:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.8.13/) - next →: [Jeremiah 8:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.8.15/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/8/)