--- title: Jeremiah 8:2 — and they shall spread them before the sun, and the moon, and all the… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: and they shall spread them before the sun, and the moon, and all the host of heaven, whom they have loved, and whom they have served, and after whom they have walked, and whom they have sought, and whom they have worshipped; they shall not be gathered, nor be buried, they shall be for dung upon the --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.8.2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/8/) / 8:2 # Jeremiah 8:2 יִרְמְיָהוּ **Who acts:** bones · **What happens:** spread, love, serve, walk, seek, worship · **To what, where:** graves, sun, host, bones This is Jeremiah 8:2 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — bones — and what happens in the verse to graves, sun, host, bones, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וּשְׁטָחוּם֩ לַשֶּׁ֨מֶשׁ וְלַיָּרֵ֜חַ וּלְכֹ֣ל ׀ צְבָ֣א הַשָּׁמַ֗יִם אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲהֵב֜וּם וַאֲשֶׁ֤ר עֲבָדוּם֙ וַֽאֲשֶׁר֙ הָלְכ֣וּ אַֽחֲרֵיהֶ֔ם וַאֲשֶׁ֣ר דְּרָשׁ֔וּם וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר הִֽשְׁתַּחֲו֖וּ לָהֶ֑ם לֹ֤א יֵאָֽסְפוּ֙ וְלֹ֣א יִקָּבֵ֔רוּ לְדֹ֛מֶן עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הָאֲדָמָ֖ה יִֽהְיֽוּ׃ [and they shall spread them before the sun, and the moon, and all the host of heaven, whom they have loved, and whom they have served, and after whom they have walked, and whom they have sought, and whom they have worshipped; they shall not be gathered, nor be buried, they shall be for dung upon the face of the earth.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.238/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JER:208 # text = וּשְׁטָחוּם֩ לַשֶּׁ֨מֶשׁ וְלַיָּרֵ֜חַ וּלְכֹ֣ל ׀ צְבָ֣א הַשָּׁמַ֗יִם אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲהֵב֜וּם וַאֲשֶׁ֤ר עֲבָדוּם֙ וַֽאֲשֶׁר֙ הָלְכ֣וּ אַֽחֲרֵיהֶ֔ם וַאֲשֶׁ֣ר דְּרָשׁ֔וּם וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר הִֽשְׁתַּחֲו֖וּ לָהֶ֑ם לֹ֤א יֵאָֽסְפוּ֙ וְלֹ֣א יִקָּבֵ֔רוּ לְדֹ֛מֶן עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הָאֲדָמָ֖ה יִֽהְיֽוּ׃ # verse = JER.8.2 1-3 וּשְׁטָחוּם֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_8:2!1|MId=o240080020011|Strong=2050b 2 שְׁטָחוּ שָׁטַח VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they|Ref=JER_8:2!1|MId=o240080020012|Strong=7849|Frame=A1:240080020013;A0:240060220092;|Type=weqatal 3 ם֩ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 obj _ Gloss=will.spread.them.out|Ref=JER_8:2!1|MId=o240080020013|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 4-6 לַשֶּׁ֨מֶשׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_8:2!2|MId=o240080020021|Strong=3807a 5 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JER_8:2!2|MId=o240080020021ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 שֶּׁ֨מֶשׁ שֶׁמֶשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=sun|Ref=JER_8:2!2|MId=o240080020022|Strong=8121 7-10 וְלַיָּרֵ֜חַ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_8:2!3|MId=o240080020031|Strong=2050b 8 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_8:2!3|MId=o240080020032|Strong=3807a 9 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 10 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JER_8:2!3|MId=o240080020032ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 10 יָּרֵ֜חַ יָרֵחַ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 conj _ Gloss=moon|Ref=JER_8:2!3|MId=o240080020033|Strong=3394 11-13 וּלְכֹ֣ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_8:2!4|MId=o240080020041|Strong=2050b 12 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_8:2!4|MId=o240080020042|Strong=3807a 13 כֹ֣ל כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 conj _ Gloss=all|Ref=JER_8:2!4|MId=o240080020043|Strong=3605 14 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 13 punct _ Ref=JER_8:2!4 15 צְבָ֣א צָבָא NOUN _ Number=Sing 13 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.host|Ref=JER_8:2!5|MId=o240080020051|Strong=6635 16-17 הַשָּׁמַ֗יִם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 17 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JER_8:2!6|MId=o240080020061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 17 שָּׁמַ֗יִם שָׁמַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 15 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.heavens|Ref=JER_8:2!6|MId=o240080020062|Strong=8064 18 אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 19 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=JER_8:2!7|MId=o240080020071|Strong=0834|Type=relative 19-20 אֲהֵב֜וּם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 אֲהֵב֜וּ אָהֵב VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 6 acl:relcl _ Gloss=they|Ref=JER_8:2!8|MId=o240080020081|Strong=0157|Frame=A0:240080010091;240080010131;240080010162;240080010192;240080010221;A1:240080020082;|Type=qatal 20 ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 obj _ Gloss=loved.them|Ref=JER_8:2!8|MId=o240080020082|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 21-22 וַאֲשֶׁ֤ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_8:2!9|MId=o240080020091|Strong=2050b 22 אֲשֶׁ֤ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 23 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=JER_8:2!9|MId=o240080020092|Strong=0834|Type=relative 23-24 עֲבָדוּם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 עֲבָדוּ עָבַד VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 19 conj _ Gloss=they|Ref=JER_8:2!10|MId=o240080020101|Strong=5647|Frame=A0:240080010091;240080010131;240080010162;240080010192;240080010221;A1:240080020102;|Type=qatal 24 ם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 obj _ Gloss=served.them|Ref=JER_8:2!10|MId=o240080020102|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 25-26 וַֽאֲשֶׁר֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_8:2!11|MId=o240080020111|Strong=2050b 26 אֲשֶׁר֙ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 27 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=JER_8:2!11|MId=o240080020112|Strong=0834|Type=relative 27 הָלְכ֣וּ הָלַךְ VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 19 conj _ Gloss=they.walked|Ref=JER_8:2!12|MId=o240080020121|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:240080010091;240080010131;240080010162;240080010192;240080010221;|Type=qatal 28-29 אַֽחֲרֵיהֶ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 אַֽחֲרֵי אַחַר ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=after|Ref=JER_8:2!13|MId=o240080020131|Strong=0310 29 הֶ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=JER_8:2!13|MId=o240080020132|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 30-31 וַאֲשֶׁ֣ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 32 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_8:2!14|MId=o240080020141|Strong=2050b 31 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 32 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=JER_8:2!14|MId=o240080020142|Strong=0834|Type=relative 32-33 דְּרָשׁ֔וּם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 דְּרָשׁ֔וּ דָּרַשׁ VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 19 conj _ Gloss=they|Ref=JER_8:2!15|MId=o240080020151|Strong=1875|Frame=A0:240080010091;240080010131;240080010162;240080010192;240080010221;A1:240080020152;|Type=qatal 33 ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 obj _ Gloss=consulted.them|Ref=JER_8:2!15|MId=o240080020152|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 34-35 וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 36 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_8:2!16|MId=o240080020161|Strong=2050b 35 אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 36 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=JER_8:2!16|MId=o240080020162|Strong=0834|Type=relative 36 הִֽשְׁתַּחֲו֖וּ חוה VERB _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=3 19 conj _ Gloss=they.bowed.down|Ref=JER_8:2!17|MId=o240080020171|Strong=7812a|Frame=A0:240080010091;240080010131;240080010162;240080010192;240080010221;|Type=qatal 37-38 לָהֶ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 ל לְ ADP _ _ 38 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JER_8:2!18|MId=o240080020181|Strong=3807a 38 ָהֶ֑ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 36 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=JER_8:2!18|MId=o240080020182|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 39 לֹ֤א לֹא ADV _ _ 40 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=JER_8:2!19|MId=o240080020191|Strong=3808|Type=negative 40 יֵאָֽסְפוּ֙ אָסַף VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=they.will.be.gathered|Ref=JER_8:2!20|MId=o240080020201|Strong=0622|Frame=A1:240080010081;240080010121;240080010151;240080010181;240080010211;|Type=yiqtol 41-42 וְלֹ֣א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 43 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JER_8:2!21|MId=o240080020211|Strong=2050b 42 לֹ֣א לֹא ADV _ _ 43 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=JER_8:2!21|MId=o240080020212|Strong=3808|Type=negative 43 יִקָּבֵ֔רוּ קָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.will.be.buried|Ref=JER_8:2!22|MId=o240080020221|Strong=6912|Frame=A1:240080010081;240080010121;240080010151;240080010181;240080010211;|Type=yiqtol 44-45 לְדֹ֛מֶן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 45 case _ Gloss=(into)|Ref=JER_8:2!23|MId=o240080020231|Strong=3807a 45 דֹ֛מֶן דֹּמֶן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 parataxis _ Gloss=dung|Ref=JER_8:2!23|MId=o240080020232|Strong=1828 46 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 47 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JER_8:2!24|MId=o240080020241|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 47 פְּנֵ֥י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 45 obl _ Gloss=the.surface|Ref=JER_8:2!25|MId=o240080020251|Strong=6440 48-49 הָאֲדָמָ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 49 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JER_8:2!26|MId=o240080020261|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 49 אֲדָמָ֖ה אֲדָמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 47 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.ground|Ref=JER_8:2!26|MId=o240080020262|Strong=0127 50 יִֽהְיֽוּ הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 45 cop _ Gloss=they.will.become|Ref=JER_8:2!27|MId=o240080020271|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:240080010081;240080010121;240080010151;240080010181;240080010211;|Type=yiqtol|SpaceAfter=No 51 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 50 punct _ Ref=JER_8:2!27 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | שְׁטָחוּ *they* | weqatal · qal | | ם *will spread them out* | | | | אֲהֵבוּ *they* | qatal · qal | | ם *loved them* | | | | עֲבָדוּ *they* | qatal · qal | | ם *served them* | | | | הָלְכוּ *they walked* | qatal · qal | | | | | | דְּרָשׁוּ *they* | qatal · qal | | ם *consulted them* | | | | הִֽשְׁתַּחֲווּ *they bowed down* | qatal | | | | | | **not** יֵאָֽסְפוּ *they will be gathered* | yiqtol · niphal | | | | | | **not** יִקָּבֵרוּ *they will be buried* | yiqtol · niphal | | | | | | יִֽהְיֽוּ *they will become* | yiqtol · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְיִשְׁטִחוּנוּן לִקָבֵיל שִׁמְשָׁא וְסִיהֲרָא וּלְכֹל חֵילֵי שְׁמַיָא דְרַחֲמוּנוּן וְדִפְלָחוּנוּן וְדִטְעוֹ בַתְרֵיהוֹן וְדִתְבָעוּנוּן וְדִסְגִידוּ לְהוֹן לָא יִתְכַּנְשׁוּן וְלָא יִתְקַבְּרוּן לְזֵיבַל מְבַדֵר עַל אַפֵּי אַרְעָא יְהוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [and they shall spread them before the sun, and the moon, and all the host of heaven, whom they have loved, and whom they have served, and after whom they have walked, and whom they have sought, and whom they have worshipped; they shall not be gathered, nor be buried, they shall be for dung upon the face of the earth.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.238/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JER:208`. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 8:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.8.1/) - next →: [Jeremiah 8:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.8.3/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/8/)