--- title: Joel 1:6 — For a people is come up upon my land, mighty, and without number; hi… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: For a people is come up upon my land, mighty, and without number; his teeth are the teeth of a lion, and he hath the jaw-teeth of a lioness. Who acts: people, teeth, worm. Joel 1:6 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL.1.6/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL/1/) / 1:6 # Joel 1:6 יוֹאֵל **Who acts:** people, teeth, worm · **What happens:** come up, be, have · **To what, where:** land, teeth, jaw teeth This is Joel 1:6 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — people, teeth, worm — and what happens in the verse to land, teeth, jaw teeth, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 4 chapters of Joel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. כִּֽי־גוֹי֙ עָלָ֣ה עַל־אַרְצִ֔י עָצ֖וּם וְאֵ֣ין מִסְפָּ֑ר שִׁנָּיו֙ שִׁנֵּ֣י אַרְיֵ֔ה וּֽמְתַלְּע֥וֹת לָבִ֖יא לֽוֹ׃ [For a people is come up upon my land, mighty, and without number; his teeth are the teeth of a lion, and he hath the jaw-teeth of a lioness.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOL.6/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOL:5 # text = כִּֽי־גוֹי֙ עָלָ֣ה עַל־אַרְצִ֔י עָצ֖וּם וְאֵ֣ין מִסְפָּ֑ר שִׁנָּיו֙ שִׁנֵּ֣י אַרְיֵ֔ה וּֽמְתַלְּע֥וֹת לָבִ֖יא לֽוֹ׃ # verse = JOL.1.6 1 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 3 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=JOL_1:6!1|MId=o290010060011|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 2 גוֹי֙ גּוֹי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ Gloss=a.nation|Ref=JOL_1:6!2|MId=o290010060021|Strong=1471 3 עָלָ֣ה עָלָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.has.come.up|Ref=JOL_1:6!3|MId=o290010060031|Strong=5927|Frame=A0:290010060021;|Type=qatal 4 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JOL_1:6!4|MId=o290010060041|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 5-6 אַרְצִ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 אַרְצ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 3 obl _ Gloss=land|Ref=JOL_1:6!5|MId=o290010060051|Strong=0776 6 ִ֔י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=JOL_1:6!5|MId=o290010060052|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 7 עָצ֖וּם עָצוּם ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 parataxis _ Gloss=[it.is].mighty|Ref=JOL_1:6!6|MId=o290010060061|Strong=6099|Type=adjective 8-9 וְאֵ֣ין _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOL_1:6!7|MId=o290010060071|Strong=2050b 9 אֵ֣ין אַיִן ADV _ _ 7 conj _ Gloss=there.[is].not|Ref=JOL_1:6!7|MId=o290010060072|Strong=0369|Type=negative 10 מִסְפָּ֑ר מִסְפָּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 nsubj _ Gloss=number|Ref=JOL_1:6!8|MId=o290010060081|Strong=4557 11-12 שִׁנָּיו֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 שִׁנָּי שֵׁן NOUN _ Number=Dual 13 nsubj _ Gloss=teeth|Ref=JOL_1:6!9|MId=o290010060091|Strong=8127 12 ו֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=JOL_1:6!9|MId=o290010060092|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 13 שִׁנֵּ֣י שֵׁן NOUN _ Number=Dual 3 parataxis _ Gloss=[are.the].teeth|Ref=JOL_1:6!10|MId=o290010060101|Strong=8127 14 אַרְיֵ֔ה אַרְיֵה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.a.lion|Ref=JOL_1:6!11|MId=o290010060111|Strong=0738a 15-16 וּֽמְתַלְּע֥וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וּֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOL_1:6!12|MId=o290010060121|Strong=2050b 16 מְתַלְּע֥וֹת מְתַלְּעוֹת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 19 nsubj _ Gloss=the.fangs|Ref=JOL_1:6!12|MId=o290010060122|Strong=4973 17 לָבִ֖יא לָבִיא NOUN _ Number=Sing 16 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.a.lion|Ref=JOL_1:6!13|MId=o290010060131|Strong=3833 18-19 לֽוֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 ל לְ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=[belong].to|Ref=JOL_1:6!14|MId=o290010060141|Strong=3807a 19 ֽוֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 conj _ Gloss=it|Ref=JOL_1:6!14|MId=o290010060142|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 20 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 19 punct _ Ref=JOL_1:6!14 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | עָלָה *it has come up* | qatal · qal | גוֹי *a nation* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} אֲרֵי עַמָא סְלִיק עַל אַרְעִי תַקִיף וְלֵית מִנְיָן שִׁנוֹהִי שִׁנֵי אַרְיָא וְנִבוֹהִי כְּבַר אַרְיְוָן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [For a people is come up upon my land, mighty, and without number; his teeth are the teeth of a lion, and he hath the jaw-teeth of a lioness.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOL.6/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOL:5`. - ← previous: [Joel 1:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL.1.5/) - next →: [Joel 1:7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL.1.7/) - ↑ back to [Joel 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL/1/)