--- title: Joel 2:10 — Before them the earth quaketh, the heavens tremble; the sun and the… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Before them the earth quaketh, the heavens tremble; the sun and the moon are become black, and the stars withdraw their shining. Who acts: earth, heavens, stars, people. Joel 2:10 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL.2.10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL/2/) / 2:10 # Joel 2:10 יוֹאֵל **Who acts:** earth, heavens, stars, people · **What happens:** quake, tremble, become, withdraw, shine · **To what, where:** sun, shining This is Joel 2:10 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — earth, heavens, stars, people — and what happens in the verse to sun, shining, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 4 chapters of Joel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. לְפָנָיו֙ רָ֣גְזָה אֶ֔רֶץ רָעֲשׁ֖וּ שָׁמָ֑יִם שֶׁ֤מֶשׁ וְיָרֵ֙חַ֙ קָדָ֔רוּ וְכוֹכָבִ֖ים אָסְפ֥וּ נָגְהָֽם׃ [Before them the earth quaketh, the heavens tremble; the sun and the moon are become black, and the stars withdraw their shining.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOL.30/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOL:29 # text = לְפָנָיו֙ רָ֣גְזָה אֶ֔רֶץ רָעֲשׁ֖וּ שָׁמָ֑יִם שֶׁ֤מֶשׁ וְיָרֵ֙חַ֙ קָדָ֔רוּ וְכוֹכָבִ֖ים אָסְפ֥וּ נָגְהָֽם׃ # verse = JOL.2.10 1-3 לְפָנָיו֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 2 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=JOL_2:10!1|MId=o290020100011|Strong=3807a 2 פָנָי פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 4 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=JOL_2:10!1|MId=o290020100012|Strong=6440 3 ו֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nmod:poss _ Gloss=it|Ref=JOL_2:10!1|MId=o290020100013|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 4 רָ֣גְזָה רָגַז VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.trembles|Ref=JOL_2:10!2|MId=o290020100021|Strong=7264|Frame=A0:290020100031;|Type=qatal 5 אֶ֔רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ Gloss=[the].earth|Ref=JOL_2:10!3|MId=o290020100031|Strong=0776 6 רָעֲשׁ֖וּ רָעַשׁ VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 4 parataxis _ Gloss=they.shake|Ref=JOL_2:10!4|MId=o290020100041|Strong=7493|Frame=A0:290020100051;|Type=qatal 7 שָׁמָ֑יִם שָׁמַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 6 nsubj _ Gloss=[the].heavens|Ref=JOL_2:10!5|MId=o290020100051|Strong=8064 8 שֶׁ֤מֶשׁ שֶׁמֶשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 11 nsubj _ Gloss=sun|Ref=JOL_2:10!6|MId=o290020100061|Strong=8121 9-10 וְיָרֵ֙חַ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOL_2:10!7|MId=o290020100071|Strong=2050b 10 יָרֵ֙חַ֙ יָרֵחַ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 conj _ Gloss=moon|Ref=JOL_2:10!7|MId=o290020100072|Strong=3394 11 קָדָ֔רוּ קָדַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 4 parataxis _ Gloss=they.become.dark|Ref=JOL_2:10!8|MId=o290020100081|Strong=6937|Frame=A0:290020100061;290020100072;|Type=qatal 12-13 וְכוֹכָבִ֖ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and.[the]|Ref=JOL_2:10!9|MId=o290020100091|Strong=2050b 13 כוֹכָבִ֖ים כּוֹכָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 14 nsubj _ Gloss=stars|Ref=JOL_2:10!9|MId=o290020100092|Strong=3556 14 אָסְפ֥וּ אָסַף VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 4 conj _ Gloss=they.withdraw|Ref=JOL_2:10!10|MId=o290020100101|Strong=0622|Frame=A0:290020100092;A1:290020100111;|Type=qatal 15-16 נָגְהָֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 נָגְה נֹגַהּ NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 14 obj _ Gloss=brightness|Ref=JOL_2:10!11|MId=o290020100111|Strong=5051 16 ָֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=JOL_2:10!11|MId=o290020100112|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 17 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 16 punct _ Ref=JOL_2:10!11 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | רָגְזָה *it trembles* | qatal · qal | אֶרֶץ *\[the\] earth* | | | | | רָעֲשׁוּ *they shake* | qatal · qal | שָׁמָיִם *\[the\] heavens* | | | | | קָדָרוּ *they become dark* | qatal · qal | שֶׁמֶשׁ *sun* + יָרֵחַ *moon* | | | | | אָסְפוּ *they withdraw* | qatal · qal | כוֹכָבִים *stars* | נָגְה *brightness* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} קֳדָמוֹהִי חֲרוֹבַת אַרְעָא זָעוּ שְׁמַיָא שִׁמְשָׁא וְסִיהַרָא קָבָלוּ וְכוֹכְבַיָא כְּנָשׁוּ זְהוֹרְהוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Before them the earth quaketh, the heavens tremble; the sun and the moon are become black, and the stars withdraw their shining.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOL.30/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOL:29`. - ← previous: [Joel 2:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL.2.9/) - next →: [Joel 2:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL.2.11/) - ↑ back to [Joel 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL/2/)