--- title: Joel 2:17 — Let the priests, the ministers of the LORD, weep between the porch a… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Let the priests, the ministers of the LORD, weep between the porch and the altar, and let them say: 'Spare thy people, O LORD, and give not Thy heritage to reproach, that the nations should make them a byword: wherefore should they say among the peoples: Where is their God?' Who acts: priests, natio --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL.2.17/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL/2/) / 2:17 # Joel 2:17 יוֹאֵל **Who acts:** priests, nations, people · **What happens:** let, weep, say, spare, not give, reproach · **To what, where:** people, heritage, God · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Joel 2:17 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — priests, nations, people — and what happens in the verse to people, heritage, God, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 4 chapters of Joel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. בֵּ֤ין הָאוּלָם֙ וְלַמִּזְבֵּ֔חַ יִבְכּוּ֙ הַכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים מְשָׁרְתֵ֖י יְהוָ֑ה וְֽיֹאמְר֞וּ ח֧וּסָה יְהוָ֣ה עַל־עַמֶּ֗ךָ וְאַל־תִּתֵּ֨ן נַחֲלָתְךָ֤ לְחֶרְפָּה֙ לִמְשָׁל־בָּ֣ם גּוֹיִ֔ם לָ֚מָּה יֹאמְר֣וּ בָֽעַמִּ֔ים אַיֵּ֖ה אֱלֹהֵיהֶֽם׃ [Let the priests, the ministers of the LORD, weep between the porch and the altar, and let them say: 'Spare thy people, O LORD, and give not Thy heritage to reproach, that the nations should make them a byword: wherefore should they say among the peoples: Where is their God?'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOL.37/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOL:36 # text = בֵּ֤ין הָאוּלָם֙ וְלַמִּזְבֵּ֔חַ יִבְכּוּ֙ הַכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים מְשָׁרְתֵ֖י יְהוָ֑ה וְֽיֹאמְר֞וּ ח֧וּסָה יְהוָ֣ה עַל־עַמֶּ֗ךָ וְאַל־תִּתֵּ֨ן נַחֲלָתְךָ֤ לְחֶרְפָּה֙ לִמְשָׁל־בָּ֣ם גּוֹיִ֔ם לָ֚מָּה יֹאמְר֣וּ בָֽעַמִּ֔ים אַיֵּ֖ה אֱלֹהֵיהֶֽם׃ # verse = JOL.2.17 1 בֵּ֤ין בֵּין ADP _ _ 3 case _ Gloss=between|Ref=JOL_2:17!1|MId=o290020170011|Strong=0996 2-3 הָאוּלָם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 3 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOL_2:17!2|MId=o290020170021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 3 אוּלָם֙ אֵילָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 obl _ Gloss=porch|Ref=JOL_2:17!2|MId=o290020170022|Strong=0361 4-7 וְלַמִּזְבֵּ֔חַ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 7 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOL_2:17!3|MId=o290020170031|Strong=2050b 5 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOL_2:17!3|MId=o290020170032|Strong=3807a 6 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=|Ref=JOL_2:17!3|MId=o290020170032ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 מִּזְבֵּ֔חַ מִזְבֵּחַ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 conj _ Gloss=altar|Ref=JOL_2:17!3|MId=o290020170033|Strong=4196 8 יִבְכּוּ֙ בָּכָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=let.them.weep|Ref=JOL_2:17!4|MId=o290020170041|Strong=1058|Frame=A0:290020170052;|Type=jussive 9-10 הַכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 10 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOL_2:17!5|MId=o290020170051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 10 כֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים כֹּהֵן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 8 nsubj _ Gloss=priests|Ref=JOL_2:17!5|MId=o290020170052|Strong=3548 11 מְשָׁרְתֵ֖י שָׁרַת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur 10 appos _ Gloss=[who].serve|Ref=JOL_2:17!6|MId=o290020170061|Strong=8334|Frame=A0:290020170052;A1:290020170071;|Type=participle_active 12 יְהוָ֑ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 11 compound:smixut _ Gloss=(of).Yahweh|Ref=JOL_2:17!7|MId=o290020170071|Strong=3068 13-14 וְֽיֹאמְר֞וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וְֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOL_2:17!8|MId=o290020170081|Strong=2050b 14 יֹאמְר֞וּ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 8 conj _ Gloss=let.them.say|Ref=JOL_2:17!8|MId=o290020170082|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:290020170052;|Type=yiqtol 15-16 ח֧וּסָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 ח֧וּס חוּס VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 14 ccomp _ Gloss=have|Ref=JOL_2:17!9|MId=o290020170091|Strong=2347|Frame=A0:290020170101;|Type=imperative 16 ָה ה X _ _ 15 nmod _ Gloss=compassion|Ref=JOL_2:17!9|MId=o290020170092|Strong=1886j|Type=paragogic_he 17 יְהוָ֣ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 15 dislocated _ Gloss=O.Yahweh|Ref=JOL_2:17!10|MId=o290020170101|Strong=3068 18 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JOL_2:17!11|MId=o290020170111|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 19-20 עַמֶּ֗ךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 עַמּ עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 obl _ Gloss=people|Ref=JOL_2:17!12|MId=o290020170121|Strong=5971 20 ֶ֗ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 19 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=JOL_2:17!12|MId=o290020170122|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 21-22 וְאַל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOL_2:17!13|MId=o290020170131|Strong=2050b 22 אַל־ אַל ADV _ _ 23 advmod _ Gloss=do.not|Ref=JOL_2:17!13|MId=o290020170132|Strong=0408|Type=negative 23 תִּתֵּ֨ן נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 15 conj _ Gloss=make|Ref=JOL_2:17!14|MId=o290020170141|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:290020170101;A1:290020170151;|Type=jussive 24-25 נַחֲלָתְךָ֤ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 נַחֲלָת נַחֲלָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 23 obj _ Gloss=inheritance|Ref=JOL_2:17!15|MId=o290020170151|Strong=5159 25 ְךָ֤ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 24 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=JOL_2:17!15|MId=o290020170152|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 26-27 לְחֶרְפָּה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=into|Ref=JOL_2:17!16|MId=o290020170161|Strong=3807a 27 חֶרְפָּה֙ חֶרְפָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 23 obl _ Gloss=a.reproach|Ref=JOL_2:17!16|MId=o290020170162|Strong=2781 28-29 לִמְשָׁל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOL_2:17!17|MId=o290020170171|Strong=3807a 29 מְשָׁל־ מָשַׁל VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 23 xcomp _ Gloss=mock|Ref=JOL_2:17!17|MId=o290020170172|Strong=4912|Frame=A0:290020170191;|Type=infinitive_construct 30-31 בָּ֣ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 בּ בְּ ADP _ _ 31 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JOL_2:17!18|MId=o290020170181|Strong=0871a 31 ָ֣ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=JOL_2:17!18|MId=o290020170182|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 32 גּוֹיִ֔ם גּוֹי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 29 nsubj _ Gloss=nations|Ref=JOL_2:17!19|MId=o290020170191|Strong=1471 33-34 לָ֚מָּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 לָ֚ לָמָה ADP _ _ 34 case _ Gloss=|Ref=JOL_2:17!20|MId=o290020170201|Strong=3807a 34 מָּה מָה PRON _ PronType=Int 35 obl _ Gloss=why?|Ref=JOL_2:17!20|MId=o290020170202|Strong=4100|Type=interrogative 35 יֹאמְר֣וּ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 15 parataxis _ Gloss=will.people.say|Ref=JOL_2:17!21|MId=o290020170211|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:290020170191;A1:290020170231;|Type=yiqtol 36-38 בָֽעַמִּ֔ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 בָֽ בְּ ADP _ _ 38 case _ Gloss=among|Ref=JOL_2:17!22|MId=o290020170221|Strong=0871a 37 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 38 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOL_2:17!22|MId=o290020170221ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 38 עַמִּ֔ים עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 35 obl _ Gloss=peoples|Ref=JOL_2:17!22|MId=o290020170222|Strong=5971 39 אַיֵּ֖ה אַיֵּה PART _ _ 35 ccomp _ Gloss=where?|Ref=JOL_2:17!23|MId=o290020170231|Strong=0346|Type=interrogative 40-41 אֱלֹהֵיהֶֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 אֱלֹהֵי אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 39 nsubj _ Gloss=God|Ref=JOL_2:17!24|MId=o290020170241|Strong=0430 41 הֶֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 40 nmod:poss _ Gloss=[is].their|Ref=JOL_2:17!24|MId=o290020170242|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 42 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 41 punct _ Ref=JOL_2:17!24 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִבְכּוּ *let them weep* | jussive · qal | כֹּהֲנִים *priests* | | | | | מְשָׁרְתֵי *\[who\] serve* | participle active · piel | כֹּהֲנִים *priests* | יְהוָה *(of) Yahweh* | | | | יֹאמְרוּ *let them say* | yiqtol · qal | כֹּהֲנִים *priests* | | | | | חוּס *have* | imperative · qal | יְהוָה *O Yahweh* | | | | | **not** תִּתֵּן *make* | jussive · qal | יְהוָה *O Yahweh* | נַחֲלָת *inheritance* | | | | מְשָׁל־ *mock* | infinitive construct · qal | גּוֹיִם *nations* | | | | | יֹאמְרוּ *will people say* | yiqtol · qal | גּוֹיִם *nations* | אַיֵּה *where?* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} בֵּין אוּלָמָא וּלְמַדְבְּחָא יִבְכוּן כַּהֲנַיָא דִמְשַׁמְשִׁין קֳדָם יְיָ וְיֵימְרוּן חוּס יְיָ עַל עַמָךְ וְאַל תִּתֵּן אַחְסַנְתָּךְ לְחִיסוּדִין לְמִישְׁלַט בְּהוֹן עַמְמַיָא לָמָה יֵימְרוּן בְּעַמְמַיָא אָן דְאִתְפְּרִיקוּ בְּמֵימַר אֱלָהָהוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Let the priests, the ministers of the LORD, weep between the porch and the altar, and let them say: 'Spare thy people, O LORD, and give not Thy heritage to reproach, that the nations should make them a byword: wherefore should they say among the peoples: Where is their God?'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOL.37/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOL:36`. - ← previous: [Joel 2:16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL.2.16/) - next →: [Joel 2:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL.2.18/) - ↑ back to [Joel 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL/2/)