--- title: Joel 2:20 — But I will remove far off from you the northern one, and will drive… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: But I will remove far off from you the northern one, and will drive him into a land barren and desolate, with his face toward the eastern sea, and his hinder part toward the western sea; that his foulness may come up, and his ill savour may come up, because he hath done great things.' Who acts: I, f --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL.2.20/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL/2/) / 2:20 # Joel 2:20 יוֹאֵל **Who acts:** I, foulness, ill savour, LORD · **What happens:** remove, drive, come up, do, savour · **To what, where:** northern one, LORD, land, great things This is Joel 2:20 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, foulness, ill savour, LORD — and what happens in the verse to northern one, LORD, land, great things, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 4 chapters of Joel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְֽאֶת־הַצְּפוֹנִ֞י אַרְחִ֣יק מֵעֲלֵיכֶ֗ם וְהִדַּחְתִּיו֮ אֶל־אֶ֣רֶץ צִיָּ֣ה וּשְׁמָמָה֒ אֶת־פָּנָ֗יו אֶל־הַיָּם֙ הַקַּדְמֹנִ֔י וְסֹפ֖וֹ אֶל־הַיָּ֣ם הָאַֽחֲר֑וֹן וְעָלָ֣ה בָאְשׁ֗וֹ וְתַ֙עַל֙ צַחֲנָת֔וֹ כִּ֥י הִגְדִּ֖יל לַעֲשֽׂוֹת׃ [But I will remove far off from you the northern one, and will drive him into a land barren and desolate, with his face toward the eastern sea, and his hinder part toward the western sea; that his foulness may come up, and his ill savour may come up, because he hath done great things.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOL.40/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOL:39 # text = וְֽאֶת־הַצְּפוֹנִ֞י אַרְחִ֣יק מֵעֲלֵיכֶ֗ם וְהִדַּחְתִּיו֮ אֶל־אֶ֣רֶץ צִיָּ֣ה וּשְׁמָמָה֒ אֶת־פָּנָ֗יו אֶל־הַיָּם֙ הַקַּדְמֹנִ֔י וְסֹפ֖וֹ אֶל־הַיָּ֣ם הָאַֽחֲר֑וֹן וְעָלָ֣ה בָאְשׁ֗וֹ וְתַ֙עַל֙ צַחֲנָת֔וֹ כִּ֥י הִגְדִּ֖יל לַעֲשֽׂוֹת׃ # verse = JOL.2.20 1-2 וְֽאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 5 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOL_2:20!1|MId=o290020200011|Strong=2050b 2 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOL_2:20!1|MId=o290020200012|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 3-4 הַצְּפוֹנִ֞י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOL_2:20!2|MId=o290020200021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 צְּפוֹנִ֞י צְפוֹנִי ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 obj _ Gloss=northerner[s]|Ref=JOL_2:20!2|MId=o290020200022|Strong=6830|Type=adjective 5 אַרְחִ֣יק רָחַק VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=I.will.remove.far.away|Ref=JOL_2:20!3|MId=o290020200031|Strong=7368|Frame=AA:290020190021;A0:290020200022;|Type=yiqtol 6-8 מֵעֲלֵיכֶ֗ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JOL_2:20!4|MId=o290020200041|Strong=4480 7 עֲלֵי עַל ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=JOL_2:20!4|MId=o290020200042|Strong=5921 8 כֶ֗ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 5 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=JOL_2:20!4|MId=o290020200043|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 9-11 וְהִדַּחְתִּיו֮ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOL_2:20!5|MId=o290020200051|Strong=2050b 10 הִדַּחְתִּי נָדַח VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=1 5 conj _ Gloss=I|Ref=JOL_2:20!5|MId=o290020200052|Strong=5080|Frame=AA:290020190021;A0:290020200053;|Type=weqatal 11 ו֮ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 obj _ Gloss=will.drive.it.away|Ref=JOL_2:20!5|MId=o290020200053|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 12 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=into|Ref=JOL_2:20!6|MId=o290020200061|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 13 אֶ֣רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 10 obl _ Gloss=a.land|Ref=JOL_2:20!7|MId=o290020200071|Strong=0776 14 צִיָּ֣ה צִיָּה ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 13 amod _ Gloss=of.dryness|Ref=JOL_2:20!8|MId=o290020200081|Strong=6723|Type=adjective 15-16 וּשְׁמָמָה֒ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOL_2:20!9|MId=o290020200091|Strong=2050b 16 שְׁמָמָה֒ שְׁמָמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 13 conj _ Gloss=desolation|Ref=JOL_2:20!9|MId=o290020200092|Strong=8077 17 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOL_2:20!10|MId=o290020200101|Strong=0853|SpaceAfter=No 18-19 פָּנָ֗יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 פָּנָ֗י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 10 parataxis _ Gloss=face|Ref=JOL_2:20!11|MId=o290020200111|Strong=6440 19 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=JOL_2:20!11|MId=o290020200112|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 20 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=into|Ref=JOL_2:20!12|MId=o290020200121|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 21-22 הַיָּם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 22 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOL_2:20!13|MId=o290020200131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 22 יָּם֙ יָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 obl _ Gloss=sea|Ref=JOL_2:20!13|MId=o290020200132|Strong=3220 23-24 הַקַּדְמֹנִ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 24 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JOL_2:20!14|MId=o290020200141|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 24 קַּדְמֹנִ֔י קַדְמֹנִי ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 amod _ Gloss=eastern|Ref=JOL_2:20!14|MId=o290020200142|Strong=6931|Type=adjective 25-27 וְסֹפ֖וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOL_2:20!15|MId=o290020200151|Strong=2050b 26 סֹפ סוֹף NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 conj _ Gloss=end|Ref=JOL_2:20!15|MId=o290020200152|Strong=5490 27 ֖וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 26 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=JOL_2:20!15|MId=o290020200153|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 28 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=into|Ref=JOL_2:20!16|MId=o290020200161|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 29-30 הַיָּ֣ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 30 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOL_2:20!17|MId=o290020200171|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 30 יָּ֣ם יָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 26 obl _ Gloss=sea|Ref=JOL_2:20!17|MId=o290020200172|Strong=3220 31-32 הָאַֽחֲר֑וֹן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 32 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JOL_2:20!18|MId=o290020200181|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 32 אַֽחֲר֑וֹן אַחֲרוֹן ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 30 amod _ Gloss=western|Ref=JOL_2:20!18|MId=o290020200182|Strong=0314|Type=adjective 33-34 וְעָלָ֣ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 34 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOL_2:20!19|MId=o290020200191|Strong=2050b 34 עָלָ֣ה עָלָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 5 conj _ Gloss=it.will.go.up|Ref=JOL_2:20!19|MId=o290020200192|Strong=5927|Frame=A0:290020200201;|Type=weqatal 35-36 בָאְשׁ֗וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 בָאְשׁ בְּאֹשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 34 nsubj _ Gloss=stench|Ref=JOL_2:20!20|MId=o290020200201|Strong=0889 36 ֗וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 35 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=JOL_2:20!20|MId=o290020200202|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 37-38 וְתַ֙עַל֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 38 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOL_2:20!21|MId=o290020200211|Strong=2050b 38 תַ֙עַל֙ עָלָה VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 5 conj _ Gloss=it.will.go.up|Ref=JOL_2:20!21|MId=o290020200212|Strong=5927|Frame=A0:290020200221;|Type=yiqtol 39-40 צַחֲנָת֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 צַחֲנָת צַחֲנָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 38 nsubj _ Gloss=smell|Ref=JOL_2:20!22|MId=o290020200221|Strong=6709 40 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 39 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its.foul|Ref=JOL_2:20!22|MId=o290020200222|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 41 כִּ֥י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 42 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=JOL_2:20!23|MId=o290020200231|Strong=3588 42 הִגְדִּ֖יל גָּדַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 5 advcl _ Gloss=he.has.made.great|Ref=JOL_2:20!24|MId=o290020200241|Strong=1431|Frame=A0:290020190021;|Type=qatal 43-44 לַעֲשֽׂוֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 44 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOL_2:20!25|MId=o290020200251|Strong=3807a 44 עֲשֽׂוֹת עָשָׂה VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 42 advcl _ Gloss=do|Ref=JOL_2:20!25|MId=o290020200252|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:290020190021;|Type=infinitive_construct 45 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 44 punct _ Ref=JOL_2:20!25 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: promise - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אַרְחִיק *I will remove far away* | yiqtol · hiphil | צְּפוֹנִי *northerner\[s\]* | | | | | הִדַּחְתִּי *I* | weqatal · hiphil | ו *will drive it away* | | | | | עָלָה *it will go up* | weqatal · qal | בָאְשׁ *stench* | | | | | תַעַל *it will go up* | yiqtol · qal | צַחֲנָת *smell* | | | | | הִגְדִּיל *he has made great* | qatal · hiphil | | | | | | עֲשֽׂוֹת *do* | infinitive construct · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְיַת עַמָא דְאָתֵי מִצִפּוּנָא אַרְחֵיק מִנְכוֹן וְאַגְלִינֵיהּ לְאַרְעָא צַדְיָא וַחֲרֵיבָא רֵישֵׁיהּ לְיַמָא מַדִינְחָא וְסוֹפֵיהּ לְיַמָא מַעַרָבָאָה וְתִסַק סְרוּחֵיהּ וִיהַךְ רֵיחֵיהּ אֲרֵי אַסְנֵי לְמֶעְבַּד בִּישִׁין: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [But I will remove far off from you the northern one, and will drive him into a land barren and desolate, with his face toward the eastern sea, and his hinder part toward the western sea; that his foulness may come up, and his ill savour may come up, because he hath done great things.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOL.40/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOL:39`. - ← previous: [Joel 2:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL.2.19/) - next →: [Joel 2:21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL.2.21/) - ↑ back to [Joel 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL/2/)