--- title: Joel 3:1 — And it shall come to pass afterward, that I will pour out My spirit… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And it shall come to pass afterward, that I will pour out My spirit upon all flesh; and your sons and your daughters shall prophesy, your old men shall dream dreams, your young men shall see visions; Who acts: it, I, sons, old men. Joel 3:1 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 19 --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL.3.1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL/) / [chapter 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL/3/) / 3:1 # Joel 3:1 יוֹאֵל **Who acts:** it, I, sons, old men, young men · **What happens:** come, pass, pour out, prophesy, dream, see · **To what, where:** spirit, dreams, visions This is Joel 3:1 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — it, I, sons, old men, young men — and what happens in the verse to spirit, dreams, visions, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 4 chapters of Joel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְהָיָ֣ה אַֽחֲרֵי־כֵ֗ן אֶשְׁפּ֤וֹךְ אֶת־רוּחִי֙ עַל־כָּל־בָּשָׂ֔ר וְנִבְּא֖וּ בְּנֵיכֶ֣ם וּבְנֽוֹתֵיכֶ֑ם זִקְנֵיכֶם֙ חֲלֹמ֣וֹת יַחֲלֹמ֔וּן בַּח֣וּרֵיכֶ֔ם חֶזְיֹנ֖וֹת יִרְאֽוּ׃ [And it shall come to pass afterward, that I will pour out My spirit upon all flesh; and your sons and your daughters shall prophesy, your old men shall dream dreams, your young men shall see visions;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOL.48/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOL:47 # text = וְהָיָ֣ה אַֽחֲרֵי־כֵ֗ן אֶשְׁפּ֤וֹךְ אֶת־רוּחִי֙ עַל־כָּל־בָּשָׂ֔ר וְנִבְּא֖וּ בְּנֵיכֶ֣ם וּבְנֽוֹתֵיכֶ֑ם זִקְנֵיכֶם֙ חֲלֹמ֣וֹת יַחֲלֹמ֔וּן בַּח֣וּרֵיכֶ֔ם חֶזְיֹנ֖וֹת יִרְאֽוּ׃ # verse = JOL.3.1 1-2 וְהָיָ֣ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 4 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOL_3:1!1|MId=o290030010011|Strong=2050b 2 הָיָ֣ה הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 cop _ Gloss=it.will.be|Ref=JOL_3:1!1|MId=o290030010012|Strong=1961|Type=weqatal 3 אַֽחֲרֵי־ אַחַר ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=after|Ref=JOL_3:1!2|MId=o290030010021|Strong=0310|SpaceAfter=No 4 כֵ֗ן כֵּן ADV _ _ 0 root _ Gloss=thus|Ref=JOL_3:1!3|MId=o290030010031|Strong=3651 5 אֶשְׁפּ֤וֹךְ שָׁפַךְ VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 4 parataxis _ Gloss=I.will.pour.out|Ref=JOL_3:1!4|MId=o290030010041|Strong=8210|Frame=A0:290020270071;A1:290030010061;|Type=yiqtol 6 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOL_3:1!5|MId=o290030010051|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 7-8 רוּחִי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 רוּח רוּחַ NOUN _ Number=Sing 5 obj _ Gloss=spirit|Ref=JOL_3:1!6|MId=o290030010061|Strong=7307 8 ִי֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 7 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=JOL_3:1!6|MId=o290030010062|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 9 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JOL_3:1!7|MId=o290030010071|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 10 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=JOL_3:1!8|MId=o290030010081|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 11 בָּשָׂ֔ר בָּשָׂר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 compound:smixut _ Gloss=flesh|Ref=JOL_3:1!9|MId=o290030010091|Strong=1320 12-13 וְנִבְּא֖וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOL_3:1!10|MId=o290030010101|Strong=2050b 13 נִבְּא֖וּ נָבָא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 4 conj _ Gloss=they.will.prophesy|Ref=JOL_3:1!10|MId=o290030010102|Strong=5012|Frame=A0:290030010111;290030010122;|Type=weqatal 14-15 בְּנֵיכֶ֣ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 בְּנֵי בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 13 nsubj _ Gloss=sons|Ref=JOL_3:1!11|MId=o290030010111|Strong=1121 15 כֶ֣ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 14 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=JOL_3:1!11|MId=o290030010112|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 16-18 וּבְנֽוֹתֵיכֶ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOL_3:1!12|MId=o290030010121|Strong=2050b 17 בְנֽוֹתֵי בַּת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 14 conj _ Gloss=daughters|Ref=JOL_3:1!12|MId=o290030010122|Strong=1323 18 כֶ֑ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 17 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=JOL_3:1!12|MId=o290030010123|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 19-20 זִקְנֵיכֶם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 זִקְנֵי זָקֵן ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 22 nsubj _ Gloss=your.old|Ref=JOL_3:1!13|MId=o290030010131|Strong=2205|Type=adjective 20 כֶם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 19 nmod:poss _ Gloss=[men]|Ref=JOL_3:1!13|MId=o290030010132|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 21 חֲלֹמ֣וֹת חֲלוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 22 obj _ Gloss=dreams|Ref=JOL_3:1!14|MId=o290030010141|Strong=2472 22-23 יַחֲלֹמ֔וּן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 יַחֲלֹמ֔וּ חָלַם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 4 parataxis _ Gloss=they|Ref=JOL_3:1!15|MId=o290030010151|Strong=2492a|Frame=A0:290030010131;A1:290030010141;|Type=yiqtol 23 ן נ X _ _ 22 nmod _ Gloss=will.dream|Ref=JOL_3:1!15|MId=o290030010152|Strong=4993b|Type=paragogic_nun 24-25 בַּח֣וּרֵיכֶ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 בַּח֣וּרֵי בָּחוּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 27 nsubj _ Gloss=men|Ref=JOL_3:1!16|MId=o290030010161|Strong=0970 25 כֶ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 24 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your.young|Ref=JOL_3:1!16|MId=o290030010162|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 26 חֶזְיֹנ֖וֹת חִזָּיוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 27 obj _ Gloss=visions|Ref=JOL_3:1!17|MId=o290030010171|Strong=2384 27 יִרְאֽוּ רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 4 parataxis _ Gloss=they.will.see|Ref=JOL_3:1!18|MId=o290030010181|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:290030010161;A1:290030010171;|Type=yiqtol|SpaceAfter=No 28 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 27 punct _ Ref=JOL_3:1!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אֶשְׁפּוֹךְ *I will pour out* | yiqtol · qal | | רוּח *spirit* | | | | נִבְּאוּ *they will prophesy* | weqatal · niphal | בְּנֵי *sons* + בְנֽוֹתֵי *daughters* | | | | | יַחֲלֹמוּ *they* | yiqtol · qal | זִקְנֵי *your old* | חֲלֹמוֹת *dreams* | | | | יִרְאֽוּ *they will see* | yiqtol · qal | בַּחוּרֵי *men* | חֶזְיֹנוֹת *visions* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וִיהֵי בָּתַר כֵּן אֶשְׁפּוֹךְ יַת רוּחַ קוּדְשִׁי עַל כָּל בִּסְרָא וְיִתְנַבּוּן בְּנֵיכוֹן וּבְנָתֵיכוֹן סָבֵיכוֹן חֶלְמִין יַחְלְמוּן עוּלֵמֵיכוֹן חֶזְוָנִין יֶחֱזוּן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And it shall come to pass afterward, that I will pour out My spirit upon all flesh; and your sons and your daughters shall prophesy, your old men shall dream dreams, your young men shall see visions;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOL.48/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOL:47`. - ← previous: [Joel 2:27](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL.2.27/) - next →: [Joel 3:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL.3.2/) - ↑ back to [Joel 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL/3/)