--- title: Joel 3:4 — The sun shall be turned into darkness, and the moon into blood, befo… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: The sun shall be turned into darkness, and the moon into blood, before the great and terrible day of the LORD come. Who acts: great day. Joel 3:4 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL.3.4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL/) / [chapter 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL/3/) / 3:4 # Joel 3:4 יוֹאֵל **Who acts:** great day · **What happens:** turn, come · **To what, where:** sun, darkness This is Joel 3:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — great day — and what happens in the verse to sun, darkness, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 4 chapters of Joel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ יֵהָפֵ֣ךְ לְחֹ֔שֶׁךְ וְהַיָּרֵ֖חַ לְדָ֑ם לִפְנֵ֗י בּ֚וֹא י֣וֹם יְהוָ֔ה הַגָּד֖וֹל וְהַנּוֹרָֽא׃ [The sun shall be turned into darkness, and the moon into blood, before the great and terrible day of the LORD come.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOL.51/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOL:50 # text = הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ יֵהָפֵ֣ךְ לְחֹ֔שֶׁךְ וְהַיָּרֵ֖חַ לְדָ֑ם לִפְנֵ֗י בּ֚וֹא י֣וֹם יְהוָ֔ה הַגָּד֖וֹל וְהַנּוֹרָֽא׃ # verse = JOL.3.4 1-2 הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 2 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOL_3:4!1|MId=o290030040011|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 2 שֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ שֶׁמֶשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ Gloss=sun|Ref=JOL_3:4!1|MId=o290030040012|Strong=8121 3 יֵהָפֵ֣ךְ הָפַךְ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.will.be.changed|Ref=JOL_3:4!2|MId=o290030040021|Strong=2015|Frame=A1:290030040012;|Type=yiqtol 4-5 לְחֹ֔שֶׁךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=into|Ref=JOL_3:4!3|MId=o290030040031|Strong=3807a 5 חֹ֔שֶׁךְ חֹשֶׁךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 obl _ Gloss=darkness|Ref=JOL_3:4!3|MId=o290030040032|Strong=2822 6-8 וְהַיָּרֵ֖חַ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOL_3:4!4|MId=o290030040041|Strong=2050b 7 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 8 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOL_3:4!4|MId=o290030040042|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 8 יָּרֵ֖חַ יָרֵחַ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 conj _ Gloss=moon|Ref=JOL_3:4!4|MId=o290030040043|Strong=3394 9-10 לְדָ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=into|Ref=JOL_3:4!5|MId=o290030040051|Strong=3807a 10 דָ֑ם דָּם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 obl _ Gloss=blood|Ref=JOL_3:4!5|MId=o290030040052|Strong=1818 11-12 לִפְנֵ֗י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=JOL_3:4!6|MId=o290030040061|Strong=3807a 12 פְנֵ֗י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 8 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=JOL_3:4!6|MId=o290030040062|Strong=6440 13 בּ֚וֹא בּוֹא VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 12 acl _ Gloss=comes|Ref=JOL_3:4!7|MId=o290030040071|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:290030040081;|Type=infinitive_construct 14 י֣וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 nsubj _ Gloss=the.day|Ref=JOL_3:4!8|MId=o290030040081|Strong=3117 15 יְהוָ֔ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 14 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Yahweh|Ref=JOL_3:4!9|MId=o290030040091|Strong=3068 16-17 הַגָּד֖וֹל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 17 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JOL_3:4!10|MId=o290030040101|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 17 גָּד֖וֹל גָּדוֹל ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 amod _ Gloss=great|Ref=JOL_3:4!10|MId=o290030040102|Strong=1419|Type=adjective 18-20 וְהַנּוֹרָֽא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOL_3:4!11|MId=o290030040111|Strong=2050b 19 הַ הַ SCONJ _ _ 20 mark _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JOL_3:4!11|MId=o290030040112|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 20 נּוֹרָֽא יָרֵא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing 17 conj _ Gloss=awesome|Ref=JOL_3:4!11|MId=o290030040113|Strong=3372|Frame=A1:290030040081;|Type=participle_active 21 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 20 punct _ Ref=JOL_3:4!11 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֵהָפֵךְ *it will be changed* | yiqtol · niphal | | שֶּׁמֶשׁ *sun* | | | | בּוֹא *comes* | infinitive construct · qal | יוֹם *the day* | | | | | נּוֹרָֽא *awesome* | participle active · niphal | | יוֹם *the day* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} שִׁמְשָׁא יִתְהַפָּךְ לְקִבְלָא וְסִהֲרָא לִדְמָא קֳדָם מַיְתֵי יוֹמָא דַעֲתִיד לְמֵיתֵי מִן קֳדָם יְיָ רַבָּא וּדְחִילָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [The sun shall be turned into darkness, and the moon into blood, before the great and terrible day of the LORD come.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOL.51/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOL:50`. - ← previous: [Joel 3:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL.3.3/) - next →: [Joel 3:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL.3.5/) - ↑ back to [Joel 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL/3/)