--- title: Joel 4:18 — And it shall come to pass in that day, that the mountains shall drop… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And it shall come to pass in that day, that the mountains shall drop down sweet wine, and the hills shall flow with milk, and all the brooks of Judah shall flow with waters; and a fountain shall come forth of the house of the LORD, and shall water the valley of Shittim. Who acts: mountain, mountains --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL.4.18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL/4/) / 4:18 # Joel 4:18 יוֹאֵל **Who acts:** mountain, mountains, hills, brooks, fountain · **What happens:** come, pass, drop down, flow, water · **To what, where:** sweet wine, valley This is Joel 4:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — mountain, mountains, hills, brooks, fountain — and what happens in the verse to sweet wine, valley, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 4 chapters of Joel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְהָיָה֩ בַיּ֨וֹם הַה֜וּא יִטְּפ֧וּ הֶהָרִ֣ים עָסִ֗יס וְהַגְּבָעוֹת֙ תֵּלַ֣כְנָה חָלָ֔ב וְכָל־אֲפִיקֵ֥י יְהוּדָ֖ה יֵ֣לְכוּ מָ֑יִם וּמַעְיָ֗ן מִבֵּ֤ית יְהוָה֙ יֵצֵ֔א וְהִשְׁקָ֖ה אֶת־נַ֥חַל הַשִּׁטִּֽים׃ [And it shall come to pass in that day, that the mountains shall drop down sweet wine, and the hills shall flow with milk, and all the brooks of Judah shall flow with waters; and a fountain shall come forth of the house of the LORD, and shall water the valley of Shittim.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOL.71/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOL:69 # text = וְהָיָה֩ בַיּ֨וֹם הַה֜וּא יִטְּפ֧וּ הֶהָרִ֣ים עָסִ֗יס וְהַגְּבָעוֹת֙ תֵּלַ֣כְנָה חָלָ֔ב וְכָל־אֲפִיקֵ֥י יְהוּדָ֖ה יֵ֣לְכוּ מָ֑יִם וּמַעְיָ֗ן מִבֵּ֤ית יְהוָה֙ יֵצֵ֔א וְהִשְׁקָ֖ה אֶת־נַ֥חַל הַשִּׁטִּֽים׃ # verse = JOL.4.18 1-2 וְהָיָה֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 5 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOL_4:18!1|MId=o290040180011|Strong=2050b 2 הָיָה֩ הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 5 cop _ Gloss=it.will.be|Ref=JOL_4:18!1|MId=o290040180012|Strong=1961|Type=weqatal 3-5 בַיּ֨וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 בַ בְּ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JOL_4:18!2|MId=o290040180021|Strong=0871a 4 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOL_4:18!2|MId=o290040180021ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 5 יּ֨וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=day|Ref=JOL_4:18!2|MId=o290040180022|Strong=3117 6-7 הַה֜וּא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JOL_4:18!3|MId=o290040180031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 ה֜וּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 det _ Gloss=that|Ref=JOL_4:18!3|MId=o290040180032|Strong=1931|Type=personal 8 יִטְּפ֧וּ נָטַף VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 5 parataxis _ Gloss=they.will.drip|Ref=JOL_4:18!4|MId=o290040180041|Strong=5197|Frame=A0:290040180052;|Type=yiqtol 9-10 הֶהָרִ֣ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 הֶ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 10 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOL_4:18!5|MId=o290040180051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 10 הָרִ֣ים הַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 8 nsubj _ Gloss=mountains|Ref=JOL_4:18!5|MId=o290040180052|Strong=2022 11 עָסִ֗יס עָסִיס NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 obl _ Gloss=sweet.wine|Ref=JOL_4:18!6|MId=o290040180061|Strong=6071 12-14 וְהַגְּבָעוֹת֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOL_4:18!7|MId=o290040180071|Strong=2050b 13 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 14 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOL_4:18!7|MId=o290040180072|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 14 גְּבָעוֹת֙ גִּבְעָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 15 nsubj _ Gloss=hills|Ref=JOL_4:18!7|MId=o290040180073|Strong=1389 15 תֵּלַ֣כְנָה הלך VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 5 conj _ Gloss=they.will.go|Ref=JOL_4:18!8|MId=o290040180081|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:290040180073;|Type=yiqtol 16 חָלָ֔ב חָלָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 obl _ Gloss=milk|Ref=JOL_4:18!9|MId=o290040180091|Strong=2461 17-18 וְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOL_4:18!10|MId=o290040180101|Strong=2050b 18 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 21 nsubj _ Gloss=all|Ref=JOL_4:18!10|MId=o290040180102|Strong=3605 19 אֲפִיקֵ֥י אָפִיק NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 18 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.ravines|Ref=JOL_4:18!11|MId=o290040180111|Strong=0650 20 יְהוּדָ֖ה יְהוּדָה PROPN _ _ 19 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Judah|Ref=JOL_4:18!12|MId=o290040180121|Strong=3063 21 יֵ֣לְכוּ הלך VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 5 conj _ Gloss=they.will.go|Ref=JOL_4:18!13|MId=o290040180131|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:290040180111;|Type=yiqtol 22 מָ֑יִם מַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 21 obl _ Gloss=water|Ref=JOL_4:18!14|MId=o290040180141|Strong=4325 23-24 וּמַעְיָ֗ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 28 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOL_4:18!15|MId=o290040180151|Strong=2050b 24 מַעְיָ֗ן מַעְיָן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 28 nsubj _ Gloss=a.spring|Ref=JOL_4:18!15|MId=o290040180152|Strong=4599 25-26 מִבֵּ֤ית _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JOL_4:18!16|MId=o290040180161|Strong=4480 26 בֵּ֤ית בַּיִת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 28 obl _ Gloss=the.house|Ref=JOL_4:18!16|MId=o290040180162|Strong=1004 27 יְהוָה֙ יהוה PROPN _ _ 26 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Yahweh|Ref=JOL_4:18!17|MId=o290040180171|Strong=3068 28 יֵצֵ֔א יָצָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 5 conj _ Gloss=it.will.go.forth|Ref=JOL_4:18!18|MId=o290040180181|Strong=3318|Frame=A0:290040180152;|Type=yiqtol 29-30 וְהִשְׁקָ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 30 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOL_4:18!19|MId=o290040180191|Strong=2050b 30 הִשְׁקָ֖ה שָׁקָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 28 conj _ Gloss=it.will.water|Ref=JOL_4:18!19|MId=o290040180192|Strong=8248|Frame=AA:290040180152;A0:290040180211;|Type=weqatal 31 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOL_4:18!20|MId=o290040180201|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 32 נַ֥חַל נַחַל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 30 obj _ Gloss=the.wadi|Ref=JOL_4:18!21|MId=o290040180211|Strong=5158 33-34 הַשִּׁטִּֽים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 34 det _ Gloss=of.(the)|Ref=JOL_4:18!22|MId=o290040180221|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 34 שִּׁטִּֽים שִׁטִּים PROPN _ _ 32 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Shittim|Ref=JOL_4:18!22|MId=o290040180222|Strong=7851 35 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 34 punct _ Ref=JOL_4:18!22 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִטְּפוּ *they will drip* | yiqtol · qal | הָרִים *mountains* | | | | | תֵּלַכְנָה *they will go* | yiqtol · qal | גְּבָעוֹת *hills* | | | | | יֵלְכוּ *they will go* | yiqtol · qal | אֲפִיקֵי *the ravines* | | | | | יֵצֵא *it will go forth* | yiqtol · qal | מַעְיָן *a spring* | | | | | הִשְׁקָה *it will water* | weqatal · hiphil | נַחַל *the wadi* | | | מַעְיָן *a spring* | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וִיהֵי בְּעִדָנָא הַהִיא יִרְבּוּן טוּרַיָא חֲמַר מְרָת וְרָמָתָא יִגְרָן טוּבָא וְכָל פַּצִידֵי דְבֵית יְהוּדָה יַהֲכוֹן מַיָא וּמַבּוּעַ מִבֵּית מַקְדְשָׁא דַייָ יְהֵי נָפִיק וּמַשְׁקֵי יַת מֵישַׁר שִׁטִין: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And it shall come to pass in that day, that the mountains shall drop down sweet wine, and the hills shall flow with milk, and all the brooks of Judah shall flow with waters; and a fountain shall come forth of the house of the LORD, and shall water the valley of Shittim.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOL.71/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOL:69`. - ← previous: [Joel 4:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL.4.17/) - next →: [Joel 4:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL.4.19/) - ↑ back to [Joel 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL/4/)