--- title: Joel 4:2 — I will gather all nations, and will bring them down into the valley… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: I will gather all nations, and will bring them down into the valley of Jehoshaphat; and I will enter into judgment with them there for My people and for My heritage Israel, whom they have scattered among the nations, and divided My land. Who acts: I, nations. Joel 4:2 in Hebrew with its dependency t --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL.4.2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL/4/) / 4:2 # Joel 4:2 יוֹאֵל **Who acts:** I, nations · **What happens:** gather, bring down, enter, scatter, divide · **To what, where:** nations, valley, judgment, Israel, land This is Joel 4:2 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, nations — and what happens in the verse to nations, valley, judgment, Israel, land, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 4 chapters of Joel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְקִבַּצְתִּי֙ אֶת־כָּל־הַגּוֹיִ֔ם וְה֣וֹרַדְתִּ֔ים אֶל־עֵ֖מֶק יְהֽוֹשָׁפָ֑ט וְנִשְׁפַּטְתִּ֨י עִמָּ֜ם שָׁ֗ם עַל־עַמִּ֨י וְנַחֲלָתִ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר פִּזְּר֣וּ בַגּוֹיִ֔ם וְאֶת־אַרְצִ֖י חִלֵּֽקוּ׃ [I will gather all nations, and will bring them down into the valley of Jehoshaphat; and I will enter into judgment with them there for My people and for My heritage Israel, whom they have scattered among the nations, and divided My land.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOL.54/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOL:53 # text = וְקִבַּצְתִּי֙ אֶת־כָּל־הַגּוֹיִ֔ם וְה֣וֹרַדְתִּ֔ים אֶל־עֵ֖מֶק יְהֽוֹשָׁפָ֑ט וְנִשְׁפַּטְתִּ֨י עִמָּ֜ם שָׁ֗ם עַל־עַמִּ֨י וְנַחֲלָתִ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר פִּזְּר֣וּ בַגּוֹיִ֔ם וְאֶת־אַרְצִ֖י חִלֵּֽקוּ׃ # verse = JOL.4.2 1-2 וְקִבַּצְתִּי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOL_4:2!1|MId=o290040020011|Strong=2050b 2 קִבַּצְתִּי֙ קָבַץ VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=I.will.gather|Ref=JOL_4:2!1|MId=o290040020012|Strong=6908|Frame=A0:290030050191;A1:290040020042;|Type=weqatal 3 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOL_4:2!2|MId=o290040020021|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 4 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obj _ Gloss=all|Ref=JOL_4:2!3|MId=o290040020031|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 5-6 הַגּוֹיִ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOL_4:2!4|MId=o290040020041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 גּוֹיִ֔ם גּוֹי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 4 compound:smixut _ Gloss=nations|Ref=JOL_4:2!4|MId=o290040020042|Strong=1471 7-9 וְה֣וֹרַדְתִּ֔ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOL_4:2!5|MId=o290040020051|Strong=2050b 8 ה֣וֹרַדְתִּ֔י יָרַד VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 conj _ Gloss=I|Ref=JOL_4:2!5|MId=o290040020052|Strong=3381|Frame=AA:290030050191;A0:290040020053;|Type=qatal 9 ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 obj _ Gloss=will.bring.them.down|Ref=JOL_4:2!5|MId=o290040020053|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 10 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOL_4:2!6|MId=o290040020061|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 11 עֵ֖מֶק עֵמֶק NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 obl _ Gloss=the.valley|Ref=JOL_4:2!7|MId=o290040020071|Strong=6010 12 יְהֽוֹשָׁפָ֑ט יְהוֹשָׁפָט PROPN _ _ 11 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Jehoshaphat|Ref=JOL_4:2!8|MId=o290040020081|Strong=3092a 13-14 וְנִשְׁפַּטְתִּ֨י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOL_4:2!9|MId=o290040020091|Strong=2050b 14 נִשְׁפַּטְתִּ֨י שָׁפַט VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 conj _ Gloss=I.will.enter.into.judgment|Ref=JOL_4:2!9|MId=o290040020092|Strong=8199|Frame=A0:290030050191;|Type=qatal 15-16 עִמָּ֜ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 עִמּ עִם ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=JOL_4:2!10|MId=o290040020101|Strong=5973 16 ָ֜ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=JOL_4:2!10|MId=o290040020102|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 17 שָׁ֗ם שָׁם ADV _ _ 14 advmod _ Gloss=there|Ref=JOL_4:2!11|MId=o290040020111|Strong=8033 18 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JOL_4:2!12|MId=o290040020121|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 19-20 עַמִּ֨י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 עַמּ עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 obl _ Gloss=people|Ref=JOL_4:2!13|MId=o290040020131|Strong=5971 20 ִ֨י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 19 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=JOL_4:2!13|MId=o290040020132|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 21-23 וְנַחֲלָתִ֤י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOL_4:2!14|MId=o290040020141|Strong=2050b 22 נַחֲלָת נַחֲלָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 19 conj _ Gloss=inheritance|Ref=JOL_4:2!14|MId=o290040020142|Strong=5159 23 ִ֤י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 22 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=JOL_4:2!14|MId=o290040020143|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 24 יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 19 appos _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=JOL_4:2!15|MId=o290040020151|Strong=3478 25 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 26 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=JOL_4:2!16|MId=o290040020161|Strong=0834|Type=relative 26 פִּזְּר֣וּ פָּזַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur|Person=3 19 acl:relcl _ Gloss=they.have.scattered|Ref=JOL_4:2!17|MId=o290040020171|Strong=6340|Frame=A0:290040020042;A1:290040020131;|Type=qatal 27-29 בַגּוֹיִ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 בַ בְּ ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=among|Ref=JOL_4:2!18|MId=o290040020181|Strong=0871a 28 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 29 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOL_4:2!18|MId=o290040020181ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 29 גּוֹיִ֔ם גּוֹי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 26 obl _ Gloss=nations|Ref=JOL_4:2!18|MId=o290040020182|Strong=1471 30-31 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 34 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOL_4:2!19|MId=o290040020191|Strong=2050b 31 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOL_4:2!19|MId=o290040020192|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 32-33 אַרְצִ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 אַרְצ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 34 obj _ Gloss=land|Ref=JOL_4:2!20|MId=o290040020201|Strong=0776 33 ִ֖י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 32 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=JOL_4:2!20|MId=o290040020202|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 34 חִלֵּֽקוּ חָלַק VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur|Person=3 26 conj _ Gloss=they.have.divided.up|Ref=JOL_4:2!21|MId=o290040020211|Strong=2505|Frame=A0:290040020042;A1:290040020201;|Type=qatal|SpaceAfter=No 35 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 34 punct _ Ref=JOL_4:2!21 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: promise - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | קִבַּצְתִּי *I will gather* | weqatal · piel | | גּוֹיִם *nations* | | | | הוֹרַדְתִּי *I* | qatal · hiphil | ם *will bring them down* | | | | | נִשְׁפַּטְתִּי *I will enter into judgment* | qatal · niphal | | | | | | פִּזְּרוּ *they have scattered* | qatal · piel | גּוֹיִם *nations* | עַמּ *people* | | | | חִלֵּֽקוּ *they have divided up* | qatal · piel | גּוֹיִם *nations* | אַרְצ *land* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְאֶכְנוֹשׁ יַת כָּל פַּלְחֵי מַזָרַיָא סְחוֹר סְחוֹר דְאַרְעָא יִשְׂרָאֵל וְאַחֲתִנוּן לְמֵישַׁר פִּלוּג דִינָא וְאִתְפְּרַע מִנְהוֹן תַּמָן עַל עַמִי וְאַחְסַנְתִּי יִשְׂרָאֵל דְבַדָרוּ בֵּינֵי פַּלְחֵי מַזָרַיָא סְחוֹר סְחוֹר דְאַרְעָא יִשְׂרָאֵל וְיַת אַרְעִי פַּלִיגוּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [I will gather all nations, and will bring them down into the valley of Jehoshaphat; and I will enter into judgment with them there for My people and for My heritage Israel, whom they have scattered among the nations, and divided My land.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOL.54/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOL:53`. - ← previous: [Joel 4:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL.4.1/) - next →: [Joel 4:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL.4.3/) - ↑ back to [Joel 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL/4/)