--- title: Joel 4:3 — And they have cast lots for My people; and have given a boy for an h… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And they have cast lots for My people; and have given a boy for an harlot, and sold a girl for wine, and have drunk. Who acts: nations. Joel 4:3 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL.4.3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL/4/) / 4:3 # Joel 4:3 יוֹאֵל **Who acts:** nations · **What happens:** cast, give, sell, drink · **To what, where:** lots, boy, girl This is Joel 4:3 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — nations — and what happens in the verse to lots, boy, girl, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 4 chapters of Joel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְאֶל־עַמִּ֖י יַדּ֣וּ גוֹרָ֑ל וַיִּתְּנ֤וּ הַיֶּ֙לֶד֙ בַּזּוֹנָ֔ה וְהַיַּלְדָּ֛ה מָכְר֥וּ בַיַּ֖יִן וַיִּשְׁתּֽוּ׃ [And they have cast lots for My people; and have given a boy for an harlot, and sold a girl for wine, and have drunk.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOL.55/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOL:54 # text = וְאֶל־עַמִּ֖י יַדּ֣וּ גוֹרָ֑ל וַיִּתְּנ֤וּ הַיֶּ֙לֶד֙ בַּזּוֹנָ֔ה וְהַיַּלְדָּ֛ה מָכְר֥וּ בַיַּ֖יִן וַיִּשְׁתּֽוּ׃ # verse = JOL.4.3 1-2 וְאֶל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 5 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOL_4:3!1|MId=o290040030011|Strong=2050b 2 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 3 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOL_4:3!1|MId=o290040030012|Strong=0413 3-4 עַמִּ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 עַמּ עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 obl _ Gloss=people|Ref=JOL_4:3!2|MId=o290040030021|Strong=5971 4 ִ֖י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 3 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=JOL_4:3!2|MId=o290040030022|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 5 יַדּ֣וּ יָדַד VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.have.cast|Ref=JOL_4:3!3|MId=o290040030031|Strong=3032|Frame=A0:290040020042;A1:290040030041;|Type=qatal 6 גוֹרָ֑ל גּוֹרָל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 obj _ Gloss=a.lot|Ref=JOL_4:3!4|MId=o290040030041|Strong=1486 7-8 וַיִּתְּנ֤וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOL_4:3!5|MId=o290040030051|Strong=2050b 8 יִּתְּנ֤וּ נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 5 conj _ Gloss=they.have.exchanged|Ref=JOL_4:3!5|MId=o290040030052|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:290040020042;A1:290040030062;|Type=wayyiqtol 9-10 הַיֶּ֙לֶד֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 10 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOL_4:3!6|MId=o290040030061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 10 יֶּ֙לֶד֙ יֶלֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 obj _ Gloss=boy|Ref=JOL_4:3!6|MId=o290040030062|Strong=3206 11-13 בַּזּוֹנָ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=JOL_4:3!7|MId=o290040030071|Strong=0871a 12 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 13 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOL_4:3!7|MId=o290040030071ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 13 זּוֹנָ֔ה זָנָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 8 obl _ Gloss=prostitute|Ref=JOL_4:3!7|MId=o290040030072|Strong=2185 14-16 וְהַיַּלְדָּ֛ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOL_4:3!8|MId=o290040030081|Strong=2050b 15 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOL_4:3!8|MId=o290040030082|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 16 יַּלְדָּ֛ה יַלְדָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 17 obj _ Gloss=girl|Ref=JOL_4:3!8|MId=o290040030083|Strong=3207 17 מָכְר֥וּ מָכַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 5 conj _ Gloss=they.have.sold|Ref=JOL_4:3!9|MId=o290040030091|Strong=4376|Frame=A0:290040020042;A1:290040030083;|Type=qatal 18-20 בַיַּ֖יִן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 בַ בְּ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=JOL_4:3!10|MId=o290040030101|Strong=0871a 19 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 20 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JOL_4:3!10|MId=o290040030101ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 20 יַּ֖יִן יַיִן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 obl _ Gloss=wine|Ref=JOL_4:3!10|MId=o290040030102|Strong=3196 21-22 וַיִּשְׁתּֽוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOL_4:3!11|MId=o290040030111|Strong=2050b 22 יִּשְׁתּֽוּ שָׁתָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 17 conj _ Gloss=they.have.drunk|Ref=JOL_4:3!11|MId=o290040030112|Strong=8354|Frame=A0:290040020042;A1:290040030103;|Type=wayyiqtol 23 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 22 punct _ Ref=JOL_4:3!11 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יַדּוּ *they have cast* | qatal · qal | | גוֹרָל *a lot* | | | | יִּתְּנוּ *they have exchanged* | wayyiqtol · qal | | יֶּלֶד *boy* | | | | מָכְרוּ *they have sold* | qatal · qal | | יַּלְדָּה *girl* | | | | יִּשְׁתּֽוּ *they have drunk* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּבְעַמִי רְמוֹ עַדְבִין וִיהָבוּ עוּלֵימָא בַּאֲגַר זַנְיְתָא וְעוּלֵימְתָּא זַבִּינוּ בְחַמְרָא וְאִשְׁתִּיאוּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And they have cast lots for My people; and have given a boy for an harlot, and sold a girl for wine, and have drunk.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOL.55/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOL:54`. - ← previous: [Joel 4:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL.4.2/) - next →: [Joel 4:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL.4.4/) - ↑ back to [Joel 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL/4/)