--- title: Joel 4:8 — and I will sell your sons and your daughters into the hand of the ch… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: and I will sell your sons and your daughters into the hand of the children of Judah, and they shall sell them to the men of Sheba, to a nation far off; for the LORD hath spoken. Who acts: I, children, LORD. Joel 4:8 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL.4.8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL/4/) / 4:8 # Joel 4:8 יוֹאֵל **Who acts:** I, children, LORD · **What happens:** sell, speak · **To what, where:** sons, hand, men · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Joel 4:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, children, LORD — and what happens in the verse to sons, hand, men, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 4 chapters of Joel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וּמָכַרְתִּ֞י אֶת־בְּנֵיכֶ֣ם וְאֶת־בְּנֽוֹתֵיכֶ֗ם בְּיַד֙ בְּנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה וּמְכָר֥וּם לִשְׁבָאיִ֖ם אֶל־גּ֣וֹי רָח֑וֹק כִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה דִּבֵּֽר׃ס [and I will sell your sons and your daughters into the hand of the children of Judah, and they shall sell them to the men of Sheba, to a nation far off; for the LORD hath spoken.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOL.60/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOL:59 # text = וּמָכַרְתִּ֞י אֶת־בְּנֵיכֶ֣ם וְאֶת־בְּנֽוֹתֵיכֶ֗ם בְּיַד֙ בְּנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה וּמְכָר֥וּם לִשְׁבָאיִ֖ם אֶל־גּ֣וֹי רָח֑וֹק כִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה דִּבֵּֽר׃ס # verse = JOL.4.8 1-2 וּמָכַרְתִּ֞י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOL_4:8!1|MId=o290040080011|Strong=2050b 2 מָכַרְתִּ֞י מָכַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=I.will.sell|Ref=JOL_4:8!1|MId=o290040080012|Strong=4376|Frame=A0:290030050191;A1:290040080031;290040080051;|Type=weqatal 3 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOL_4:8!2|MId=o290040080021|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 4-5 בְּנֵיכֶ֣ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 בְּנֵי בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 obj _ Gloss=sons|Ref=JOL_4:8!3|MId=o290040080031|Strong=1121 5 כֶ֣ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 4 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=JOL_4:8!3|MId=o290040080032|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 6-7 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOL_4:8!4|MId=o290040080041|Strong=2050b 7 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOL_4:8!4|MId=o290040080042|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 8-9 בְּנֽוֹתֵיכֶ֗ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 בְּנֽוֹתֵי בַּת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 4 conj _ Gloss=daughters|Ref=JOL_4:8!5|MId=o290040080051|Strong=1323 9 כֶ֗ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 8 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=JOL_4:8!5|MId=o290040080052|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 10-11 בְּיַד֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JOL_4:8!6|MId=o290040080061|Strong=0871a 11 יַד֙ יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=the.hand|Ref=JOL_4:8!6|MId=o290040080062|Strong=3027 12 בְּנֵ֣י בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 11 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.the.people|Ref=JOL_4:8!7|MId=o290040080071|Strong=1121 13 יְהוּדָ֔ה יְהוּדָה PROPN _ _ 12 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Judah|Ref=JOL_4:8!8|MId=o290040080081|Strong=3063 14-16 וּמְכָר֥וּם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOL_4:8!9|MId=o290040080091|Strong=2050b 15 מְכָר֥וּ מָכַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they|Ref=JOL_4:8!9|MId=o290040080092|Strong=4376|Frame=A0:290040080071;A1:290040080093;|Type=weqatal 16 ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 obj _ Gloss=will.sell.them|Ref=JOL_4:8!9|MId=o290040080093|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 17-18 לִשְׁבָאיִ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=to.[the]|Ref=JOL_4:8!10|MId=o290040080101|Strong=3807a 18 שְׁבָאיִ֖ם שְׁבָאִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 15 obl _ Gloss=Sabeans|Ref=JOL_4:8!10|MId=o290040080102|Strong=7615|Type=gentilic 19 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOL_4:8!11|MId=o290040080111|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 20 גּ֣וֹי גּוֹי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 nmod _ Gloss=a.nation|Ref=JOL_4:8!12|MId=o290040080121|Strong=1471 21 רָח֑וֹק רָחֹוק ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 amod _ Gloss=distant|Ref=JOL_4:8!13|MId=o290040080131|Strong=7350|Type=adjective 22 כִּ֥י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 24 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=JOL_4:8!14|MId=o290040080141|Strong=3588 23 יְהוָ֖ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 24 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=JOL_4:8!15|MId=o290040080151|Strong=3068 24 דִּבֵּֽר דָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 advcl _ Gloss=he.has.spoken|Ref=JOL_4:8!16|MId=o290040080161|Strong=1696|Frame=A0:290040080151;|Type=qatal|SpaceAfter=No 25 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 24 punct _ Ref=JOL_4:8!16|SpaceAfter=No 26 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 24 punct _ Ref=JOL_4:8!16 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: promise - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | מָכַרְתִּי *I will sell* | weqatal · qal | | בְּנֵי *sons* + בְּנֽוֹתֵי *daughters* | | | | מְכָרוּ *they* | weqatal · qal | בְּנֵי *of the people* | ם *will sell them* | | | | דִּבֵּֽר *he has spoken* | qatal · piel | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְאֶמְסַר יַת בְּנֵיכוֹן וְיַת בְּנָתֵיכוֹן בְּיַד בְּנֵי יְהוּדָה וִיזַבְּנוּנוּן לִבְנֵי שְׁבָא לְעַמָא רְחִיקָא אֲרֵי בְמֵימְרָא דַייָ גְזִיר כֵּן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [and I will sell your sons and your daughters into the hand of the children of Judah, and they shall sell them to the men of Sheba, to a nation far off; for the LORD hath spoken.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOL.60/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOL:59`. - ← previous: [Joel 4:7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL.4.7/) - next →: [Joel 4:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL.4.9/) - ↑ back to [Joel 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL/4/)