--- title: Jonah 1:10 — Then were the men exceedingly afraid, and said unto him: 'What is th… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Then were the men exceedingly afraid, and said unto him: 'What is this that thou hast done?' For the men knew that he fled from the presence of the LORD, because he had told them. Who acts: men, thou, man. Jonah 1:10 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JON.1.10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jonah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JON/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JON/1/) / 1:10 # Jonah 1:10 יוֹנָה **Who acts:** men, thou, man · **What happens:** be, say, do, know, flee, tell · **To what, where:** this, presence, lots · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Jonah 1:10 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — men, thou, man — and what happens in the verse to this, presence, lots, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 4 chapters of Jonah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּֽירְא֤וּ הָֽאֲנָשִׁים֙ יִרְאָ֣ה גְדוֹלָ֔ה וַיֹּאמְר֥וּ אֵלָ֖יו מַה־זֹּ֣את עָשִׂ֑יתָ כִּֽי־יָדְע֣וּ הָאֲנָשִׁ֗ים כִּֽי־מִלִּפְנֵ֤י יְהוָה֙ ה֣וּא בֹרֵ֔חַ כִּ֥י הִגִּ֖יד לָהֶֽם׃ [Then were the men exceedingly afraid, and said unto him: 'What is this that thou hast done?' For the men knew that he fled from the presence of the LORD, because he had told them.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JON.10/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JON:9 # text = וַיִּֽירְא֤וּ הָֽאֲנָשִׁים֙ יִרְאָ֣ה גְדוֹלָ֔ה וַיֹּאמְר֥וּ אֵלָ֖יו מַה־זֹּ֣את עָשִׂ֑יתָ כִּֽי־יָדְע֣וּ הָאֲנָשִׁ֗ים כִּֽי־מִלִּפְנֵ֤י יְהוָה֙ ה֣וּא בֹרֵ֔חַ כִּ֥י הִגִּ֖יד לָהֶֽם׃ # verse = JON.1.10 1-2 וַיִּֽירְא֤וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JON_1:10!1|MId=o320010100011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּֽירְא֤וּ יָרֵא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.feared|Ref=JON_1:10!1|MId=o320010100012|Strong=3372|Frame=A0:320010100022;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 הָֽאֲנָשִׁים֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הָֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JON_1:10!2|MId=o320010100021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 אֲנָשִׁים֙ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ Gloss=men|Ref=JON_1:10!2|MId=o320010100022|Strong=0376 5 יִרְאָ֣ה יִרְאָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=a.fear|Ref=JON_1:10!3|MId=o320010100031|Strong=3374 6 גְדוֹלָ֔ה גָּדוֹל ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 5 amod _ Gloss=great|Ref=JON_1:10!4|MId=o320010100041|Strong=1419|Type=adjective 7-8 וַיֹּאמְר֥וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JON_1:10!5|MId=o320010100051|Strong=2050b 8 יֹּאמְר֥וּ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.said|Ref=JON_1:10!5|MId=o320010100052|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:320010100022;|Type=wayyiqtol 9-10 אֵלָ֖יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 אֵלָ֖י אֶל ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JON_1:10!6|MId=o320010100061|Strong=0413 10 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=JON_1:10!6|MId=o320010100062|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 11 מַה־ מָה PRON _ PronType=Int 8 ccomp _ Gloss=what?|Ref=JON_1:10!7|MId=o320010100071|Strong=4100|Type=interrogative|SpaceAfter=No 12 זֹּ֣את זֹאת PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 11 nsubj _ Gloss=this|Ref=JON_1:10!8|MId=o320010100081|Strong=2063|Type=demonstrative 13 עָשִׂ֑יתָ עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 12 acl _ Gloss=have.you.done|Ref=JON_1:10!9|MId=o320010100091|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:320010070181;A1:320010100081;|Type=qatal 14 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 15 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=JON_1:10!10|MId=o320010100101|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 15 יָדְע֣וּ יָדַע VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 11 advcl _ Gloss=they.knew|Ref=JON_1:10!11|MId=o320010100111|Strong=3045|Frame=A0:320010100122;A1:320010100171;|Type=qatal 16-17 הָאֲנָשִׁ֗ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 17 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JON_1:10!12|MId=o320010100121|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 17 אֲנָשִׁ֗ים אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 15 nsubj _ Gloss=men|Ref=JON_1:10!12|MId=o320010100122|Strong=0376 18 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 24 mark _ Gloss=(dm).that|Ref=JON_1:10!13|MId=o320010100131|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 19-21 מִלִּפְנֵ֤י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JON_1:10!14|MId=o320010100141|Strong=4480 20 לִּ לְ ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=|Ref=JON_1:10!14|MId=o320010100142|Strong=3807a 21 פְנֵ֤י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 24 obl _ Gloss=before|Ref=JON_1:10!14|MId=o320010100143|Strong=6440 22 יְהוָה֙ יהוה PROPN _ _ 21 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=JON_1:10!15|MId=o320010100151|Strong=3068 23 ה֣וּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 nsubj _ Gloss=he|Ref=JON_1:10!16|MId=o320010100161|Strong=1931|Type=personal 24 בֹרֵ֔חַ בָּרַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 15 ccomp _ Gloss=[was].fleeing|Ref=JON_1:10!17|MId=o320010100171|Strong=1272|Frame=A0:320010100161;|Type=participle_active 25 כִּ֥י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 26 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=JON_1:10!18|MId=o320010100181|Strong=3588 26 הִגִּ֖יד נָגַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 11 advcl _ Gloss=he.had.told|Ref=JON_1:10!19|MId=o320010100191|Strong=5046|Frame=A0:320010070181;|Type=qatal 27-28 לָהֶֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 ל לְ ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JON_1:10!20|MId=o320010100201|Strong=3807a 28 ָהֶֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 26 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=JON_1:10!20|MId=o320010100202|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 29 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 28 punct _ Ref=JON_1:10!20 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: wh-question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּֽירְאוּ *they feared* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | | | | | יֹּאמְרוּ *they said* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | | | | | עָשִׂיתָ *have you done* | qatal · qal | | זֹּאת *this* | | | | יָדְעוּ *they knew* | qatal · qal | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | בֹרֵחַ *\[was\] fleeing* | | | | בֹרֵחַ *\[was\] fleeing* | participle active · qal | הוּא *he* | | | | | הִגִּיד *he had told* | qatal · hiphil | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּדְחִילוּ גַבְרַיָא דְחִילָא רַבָּא וַאֲמָרוּ לֵיהּ מַה דָא עַבַדְתָּא אֲרֵי יְדָעוּ גוּבְרַיָא אֲרֵי מִן קֳדָם יְיָ הוּא עָרֵיק אֲרֵי חַוֵי לְהוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Then were the men exceedingly afraid, and said unto him: 'What is this that thou hast done?' For the men knew that he fled from the presence of the LORD, because he had told them.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JON.10/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JON:9`. - ← previous: [Jonah 1:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JON.1.9/) - next →: [Jonah 1:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JON.1.11/) - ↑ back to [Jonah 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JON/1/)