--- title: Jonah 1:12 — And he said unto them: 'Take me up, and cast me forth into the sea;… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And he said unto them: 'Take me up, and cast me forth into the sea; so shall the sea be calm unto you; for I know that for my sake this great tempest is upon you.' Who acts: sea, I. Jonah 1:12 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JON.1.12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jonah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JON/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JON/1/) / 1:12 # Jonah 1:12 יוֹנָה **Who acts:** sea, I · **What happens:** say, take up, cast, be, know · **To what, where:** me, sea · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Jonah 1:12 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — sea, I — and what happens in the verse to me, sea, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 4 chapters of Jonah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶ֗ם שָׂא֙וּנִי֙ וַהֲטִילֻ֣נִי אֶל־הַיָּ֔ם וְיִשְׁתֹּ֥ק הַיָּ֖ם מֵֽעֲלֵיכֶ֑ם כִּ֚י יוֹדֵ֣עַ אָ֔נִי כִּ֣י בְשֶׁלִּ֔י הַסַּ֧עַר הַגָּד֛וֹל הַזֶּ֖ה עֲלֵיכֶֽם׃ [And he said unto them: 'Take me up, and cast me forth into the sea; so shall the sea be calm unto you; for I know that for my sake this great tempest is upon you.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JON.12/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JON:11 # text = וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶ֗ם שָׂא֙וּנִי֙ וַהֲטִילֻ֣נִי אֶל־הַיָּ֔ם וְיִשְׁתֹּ֥ק הַיָּ֖ם מֵֽעֲלֵיכֶ֑ם כִּ֚י יוֹדֵ֣עַ אָ֔נִי כִּ֣י בְשֶׁלִּ֔י הַסַּ֧עַר הַגָּד֛וֹל הַזֶּ֖ה עֲלֵיכֶֽם׃ # verse = JON.1.12 1-2 וַיֹּ֣אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JON_1:12!1|MId=o320010120011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֣אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=JON_1:12!1|MId=o320010120012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:320010070181;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 אֲלֵיהֶ֗ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 אֲלֵי אֶל ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JON_1:12!2|MId=o320010120021|Strong=0413 4 הֶ֗ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=JON_1:12!2|MId=o320010120022|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 5-6 שָׂא֙וּנִי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 שָׂא֙וּ נָשָׂא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 2 ccomp _ Gloss=pick|Ref=JON_1:12!3|MId=o320010120031|Strong=5375|Frame=A0:320010100122;A1:320010120032;|Type=imperative 6 נִי֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 5 obj _ Gloss=me.up|Ref=JON_1:12!3|MId=o320010120032|Strong=5204a|Type=pronominal 7-9 וַהֲטִילֻ֣נִי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JON_1:12!4|MId=o320010120041|Strong=2050b 8 הֲטִילֻ֣ טוּל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=2 5 conj _ Gloss=hurl|Ref=JON_1:12!4|MId=o320010120042|Strong=2904|Frame=AA:320010100122;A0:320010120043;|Type=imperative 9 נִי הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 8 obj _ Gloss=me|Ref=JON_1:12!4|MId=o320010120043|Strong=5204a|Type=pronominal 10 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=into|Ref=JON_1:12!5|MId=o320010120051|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 11-12 הַיָּ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JON_1:12!6|MId=o320010120061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 12 יָּ֔ם יָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 obl _ Gloss=sea|Ref=JON_1:12!6|MId=o320010120062|Strong=3220 13-14 וְיִשְׁתֹּ֥ק _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JON_1:12!7|MId=o320010120071|Strong=2050b 14 יִשְׁתֹּ֥ק שָׁתַק VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 5 conj _ Gloss=it.will.be.quiet|Ref=JON_1:12!7|MId=o320010120072|Strong=8367|Frame=A0:320010120082;|Type=yiqtol 15-16 הַיָּ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JON_1:12!8|MId=o320010120081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 16 יָּ֖ם יָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 nsubj _ Gloss=sea|Ref=JON_1:12!8|MId=o320010120082|Strong=3220 17-19 מֵֽעֲלֵיכֶ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 מֵֽ מִן ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JON_1:12!9|MId=o320010120091|Strong=4480 18 עֲלֵי עַל ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JON_1:12!9|MId=o320010120092|Strong=5921 19 כֶ֑ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 14 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=JON_1:12!9|MId=o320010120093|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 20 כִּ֚י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 21 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=JON_1:12!10|MId=o320010120101|Strong=3588 21 יוֹדֵ֣עַ יָדַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 5 advcl _ Gloss=[am].knowing|Ref=JON_1:12!11|MId=o320010120111|Strong=3045|Frame=A0:320010120121;A1:320010120182;|Type=participle_active 22 אָ֔נִי אֲנִי PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 21 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=JON_1:12!12|MId=o320010120121|Strong=0589|Type=personal 23 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 35 mark _ Gloss=(dm).that|Ref=JON_1:12!13|MId=o320010120131|Strong=3588 24-27 בְשֶׁלִּ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 בְ בְּ ADP _ _ 35 obl _ Gloss=by|Ref=JON_1:12!14|MId=o320010120141|Strong=0871a 25 שֶׁ שֶׁ SCONJ _ _ 27 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=JON_1:12!14|MId=o320010120142|Strong=7578a|Type=relative 26 לּ לְ ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=of|Ref=JON_1:12!14|MId=o320010120143|Strong=3807a 27 ִ֔י שֶׁל PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 24 acl:relcl _ Gloss=me|Ref=JON_1:12!14|MId=o320010120144|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 28-29 הַסַּ֧עַר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 29 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JON_1:12!15|MId=o320010120151|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 29 סַּ֧עַר סַעַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 35 nsubj _ Gloss=storm|Ref=JON_1:12!15|MId=o320010120152|Strong=5591 30-31 הַגָּד֛וֹל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 31 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JON_1:12!16|MId=o320010120161|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 31 גָּד֛וֹל גָּדוֹל ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 29 amod _ Gloss=great|Ref=JON_1:12!16|MId=o320010120162|Strong=1419|Type=adjective 32-33 הַזֶּ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 33 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JON_1:12!17|MId=o320010120171|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 33 זֶּ֖ה זֶה DET _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 29 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=JON_1:12!17|MId=o320010120172|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 34-35 עֲלֵיכֶֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 עֲלֵי עַל ADP _ _ 35 case _ Gloss=[is].on|Ref=JON_1:12!18|MId=o320010120181|Strong=5921 35 כֶֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 21 ccomp _ Gloss=you|Ref=JON_1:12!18|MId=o320010120182|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 36 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 35 punct _ Ref=JON_1:12!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | שָׂאוּ *pick* | imperative · qal | | נִי *me up* | | | | הֲטִילֻ *hurl* | imperative · hiphil | נִי *me* | | | | | יִשְׁתֹּק *it will be quiet* | yiqtol · qal | יָּם *sea* | | | | | יוֹדֵעַ *\[am\] knowing* | participle active · qal | אָנִי *I* | כֶֽם *you* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר לְהוֹן טְלוּנִי וּרְמוּנִי לְיַמָא וְיָנִיחַ יַמָא מַעֲלֵיכוֹן אֲרֵי יָדַע אֲנָא אֲרֵי בְדִילִי נַחְשׁוּלָא רַבָּא הָדֵיל עֲלֵיכוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And he said unto them: 'Take me up, and cast me forth into the sea; so shall the sea be calm unto you; for I know that for my sake this great tempest is upon you.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JON.12/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JON:11`. - ← previous: [Jonah 1:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JON.1.11/) - next →: [Jonah 1:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JON.1.13/) - ↑ back to [Jonah 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JON/1/)