--- title: Jonah 1:13 — Nevertheless the men rowed hard to bring it to the land; but they co… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Nevertheless the men rowed hard to bring it to the land; but they could not; for the sea grew more and more tempestuous against them. Who acts: men, sea. Jonah 1:13 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JON.1.13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jonah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JON/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JON/1/) / 1:13 # Jonah 1:13 יוֹנָה **Who acts:** men, sea · **What happens:** row, bring, grow · **To what, where:** tempest, land This is Jonah 1:13 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — men, sea — and what happens in the verse to tempest, land, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 4 chapters of Jonah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיַּחְתְּר֣וּ הָאֲנָשִׁ֗ים לְהָשִׁ֛יב אֶל־הַיַּבָּשָׁ֖ה וְלֹ֣א יָכֹ֑לוּ כִּ֣י הַיָּ֔ם הוֹלֵ֥ךְ וְסֹעֵ֖ר עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ [Nevertheless the men rowed hard to bring it to the land; but they could not; for the sea grew more and more tempestuous against them.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JON.13/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JON:12 # text = וַיַּחְתְּר֣וּ הָאֲנָשִׁ֗ים לְהָשִׁ֛יב אֶל־הַיַּבָּשָׁ֖ה וְלֹ֣א יָכֹ֑לוּ כִּ֣י הַיָּ֔ם הוֹלֵ֥ךְ וְסֹעֵ֖ר עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ # verse = JON.1.13 1-2 וַיַּחְתְּר֣וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JON_1:13!1|MId=o320010130011|Strong=2050b 2 יַּחְתְּר֣וּ חָתַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.rowed|Ref=JON_1:13!1|MId=o320010130012|Strong=2864|Frame=A0:320010130022;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 הָאֲנָשִׁ֗ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JON_1:13!2|MId=o320010130021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 אֲנָשִׁ֗ים אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ Gloss=men|Ref=JON_1:13!2|MId=o320010130022|Strong=0376 5-6 לְהָשִׁ֛יב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JON_1:13!3|MId=o320010130031|Strong=3807a 6 הָשִׁ֛יב שׁוּב VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 2 advcl _ Gloss=bring.back|Ref=JON_1:13!3|MId=o320010130032|Strong=7725|Frame=AA:320010130022;A0:320010050113;|Type=infinitive_construct 7 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JON_1:13!4|MId=o320010130041|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 8-9 הַיַּבָּשָׁ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=the.dry|Ref=JON_1:13!5|MId=o320010130051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 יַּבָּשָׁ֖ה יַבָּשָׁה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 6 obl _ Gloss=land|Ref=JON_1:13!5|MId=o320010130052|Strong=3004 10-11 וְלֹ֣א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JON_1:13!6|MId=o320010130061|Strong=2050b 11 לֹ֣א לֹא ADV _ _ 12 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=JON_1:13!6|MId=o320010130062|Strong=3808|Type=negative 12 יָכֹ֑לוּ יָכֹל VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.were.able|Ref=JON_1:13!7|MId=o320010130071|Strong=3201|Frame=A0:320010130022;|Type=qatal 13 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 16 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=JON_1:13!8|MId=o320010130081|Strong=3588 14-15 הַיָּ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 15 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JON_1:13!9|MId=o320010130091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 15 יָּ֔ם יָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 nsubj _ Gloss=sea|Ref=JON_1:13!9|MId=o320010130092|Strong=3220 16 הוֹלֵ֥ךְ הָלַךְ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 2 advcl _ Gloss=[was].going|Ref=JON_1:13!10|MId=o320010130101|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:320010130092;|Type=participle_active 17-18 וְסֹעֵ֖ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JON_1:13!11|MId=o320010130111|Strong=2050b 18 סֹעֵ֖ר סָעַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 16 conj _ Gloss=storming|Ref=JON_1:13!11|MId=o320010130112|Strong=5590|Frame=A0:320010130092;|Type=participle_active 19-20 עֲלֵיהֶֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 עֲלֵי עַל ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JON_1:13!12|MId=o320010130121|Strong=5921 20 הֶֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=JON_1:13!12|MId=o320010130122|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 21 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 20 punct _ Ref=JON_1:13!12 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יַּחְתְּרוּ *they rowed* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | | | | | הָשִׁיב *bring back* | infinitive construct · hiphil | | | | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | | **not** יָכֹלוּ *they were able* | qatal · qal | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | | | | | הוֹלֵךְ *\[was\] going* | participle active · qal | יָּם *sea* | | | | | סֹעֵר *storming* | participle active · qal | יָּם *sea* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְשָׁיְטִין גַבְרַיָא לַאֲתָבָא לְיַבֶּשְׁתָּא וְלָא יְכִילוּ אֲרֵי יַמָא אָזֵיל וְנַחְשׁוֹלֵיהּ תַּקִיף עֲלֵיהוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Nevertheless the men rowed hard to bring it to the land; but they could not; for the sea grew more and more tempestuous against them.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JON.13/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JON:12`. - ← previous: [Jonah 1:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JON.1.12/) - next →: [Jonah 1:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JON.1.14/) - ↑ back to [Jonah 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JON/1/)