--- title: Jonah 1:3 — But Jonah rose up to flee unto Tarshish from the presence of the LOR… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: But Jonah rose up to flee unto Tarshish from the presence of the LORD; and he went down to Joppa, and found a ship going to Tarshish; so he paid the fare thereof, and went down into it, to go with them unto Tarshish, from the presence of the LORD. Who acts: Jonah, ship. Jonah 1:3 in Hebrew with its --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JON.1.3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jonah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JON/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JON/1/) / 1:3 # Jonah 1:3 יוֹנָה **Who acts:** Jonah, ship · **What happens:** rise up, flee, go down, find, go, pay · **To what, where:** presence, Joppa, ship, Tarshish, fare This is Jonah 1:3 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Jonah, ship — and what happens in the verse to presence, Joppa, ship, Tarshish, fare, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 4 chapters of Jonah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיָּ֤קָם יוֹנָה֙ לִבְרֹ֣חַ תַּרְשִׁ֔ישָׁה מִלִּפְנֵ֖י יְהוָ֑ה וַיֵּ֨רֶד יָפ֜וֹ וַיִּמְצָ֥א אָנִיָּ֣ה ׀ בָּאָ֣ה תַרְשִׁ֗ישׁ וַיִּתֵּ֨ן שְׂכָרָ֜הּ וַיֵּ֤רֶד בָּהּ֙ לָב֤וֹא עִמָּהֶם֙ תַּרְשִׁ֔ישָׁה מִלִּפְנֵ֖י יְהוָֽה׃ [But Jonah rose up to flee unto Tarshish from the presence of the LORD; and he went down to Joppa, and found a ship going to Tarshish; so he paid the fare thereof, and went down into it, to go with them unto Tarshish, from the presence of the LORD.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JON.2/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JON:2 # text = וַיָּ֤קָם יוֹנָה֙ לִבְרֹ֣חַ תַּרְשִׁ֔ישָׁה מִלִּפְנֵ֖י יְהוָ֑ה וַיֵּ֨רֶד יָפ֜וֹ וַיִּמְצָ֥א אָנִיָּ֣ה ׀ בָּאָ֣ה תַרְשִׁ֗ישׁ וַיִּתֵּ֨ן שְׂכָרָ֜הּ וַיֵּ֤רֶד בָּהּ֙ לָב֤וֹא עִמָּהֶם֙ תַּרְשִׁ֔ישָׁה מִלִּפְנֵ֖י יְהוָֽה׃ # verse = JON.1.3 1-2 וַיָּ֤קָם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JON_1:3!1|MId=o320010030011|Strong=2050b 2 יָּ֤קָם קוּם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.arose|Ref=JON_1:3!1|MId=o320010030012|Strong=6965|Frame=A0:320010030021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 יוֹנָה֙ יוֹנָה PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Jonah|Ref=JON_1:3!2|MId=o320010030021|Strong=3124 4-5 לִבְרֹ֣חַ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JON_1:3!3|MId=o320010030031|Strong=3807a 5 בְרֹ֣חַ בָּרַח VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 2 advcl _ Gloss=flee|Ref=JON_1:3!3|MId=o320010030032|Strong=1272|Frame=A0:320010030021;|Type=infinitive_construct 6-7 תַּרְשִׁ֔ישָׁה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 תַּרְשִׁ֔ישׁ תַּרְשִׁישׁ PROPN _ _ 5 obl _ Gloss=to|Ref=JON_1:3!4|MId=o320010030041|Strong=8659 7 ָה ה X _ _ 6 nmod _ Gloss=Tarshish|Ref=JON_1:3!4|MId=o320010030042|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 8-10 מִלִּפְנֵ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JON_1:3!5|MId=o320010030051|Strong=4480 9 לִּ לְ ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=|Ref=JON_1:3!5|MId=o320010030052|Strong=3807a 10 פְנֵ֖י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 5 obl _ Gloss=before|Ref=JON_1:3!5|MId=o320010030053|Strong=6440 11 יְהוָ֑ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 10 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=JON_1:3!6|MId=o320010030061|Strong=3068 12-13 וַיֵּ֨רֶד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JON_1:3!7|MId=o320010030071|Strong=2050b 13 יֵּ֨רֶד יָרַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.went.down|Ref=JON_1:3!7|MId=o320010030072|Strong=3381|Frame=A0:320010030021;|Type=wayyiqtol 14 יָפ֜וֹ יָפוֹ PROPN _ _ 13 obl _ Gloss=Joppa|Ref=JON_1:3!8|MId=o320010030081|Strong=3305 15-16 וַיִּמְצָ֥א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JON_1:3!9|MId=o320010030091|Strong=2050b 16 יִּמְצָ֥א מָצָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.found|Ref=JON_1:3!9|MId=o320010030092|Strong=4672|Frame=A0:320010030021;A1:320010030101;|Type=wayyiqtol 17 אָנִיָּ֣ה אֳנִיָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 16 obj _ Gloss=a.ship|Ref=JON_1:3!10|MId=o320010030101|Strong=0591 18 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 17 punct _ Ref=JON_1:3!10 19 בָּאָ֣ה בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 17 acl:relcl _ Gloss=[which.was].about.to.go|Ref=JON_1:3!11|MId=o320010030111|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:320010030101;|Type=participle_active 20 תַרְשִׁ֗ישׁ תַּרְשִׁישׁ PROPN _ _ 19 obl _ Gloss=Tarshish|Ref=JON_1:3!12|MId=o320010030121|Strong=8659 21-22 וַיִּתֵּ֨ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JON_1:3!13|MId=o320010030131|Strong=2050b 22 יִּתֵּ֨ן נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.gave|Ref=JON_1:3!13|MId=o320010030132|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:320010030021;A1:320010030141;|Type=wayyiqtol 23-24 שְׂכָרָ֜הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 שְׂכָר שָׂכָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 obj _ Gloss=fare|Ref=JON_1:3!14|MId=o320010030141|Strong=7939 24 ָ֜הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=JON_1:3!14|MId=o320010030142|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 25-26 וַיֵּ֤רֶד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JON_1:3!15|MId=o320010030151|Strong=2050b 26 יֵּ֤רֶד יָרַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.went.down|Ref=JON_1:3!15|MId=o320010030152|Strong=3381|Frame=A0:320010030021;|Type=wayyiqtol 27-28 בָּהּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 בּ בְּ ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JON_1:3!16|MId=o320010030161|Strong=0871a 28 ָהּ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 26 obl _ Gloss=it|Ref=JON_1:3!16|MId=o320010030162|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 29-30 לָב֤וֹא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JON_1:3!17|MId=o320010030171|Strong=3807a 30 ב֤וֹא בּוֹא VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 26 advcl _ Gloss=go|Ref=JON_1:3!17|MId=o320010030172|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:320010030021;|Type=infinitive_construct 31-32 עִמָּהֶם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 עִמּ עִם ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=JON_1:3!18|MId=o320010030181|Strong=5973 32 ָהֶם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=JON_1:3!18|MId=o320010030182|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 33-34 תַּרְשִׁ֔ישָׁה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 תַּרְשִׁ֔ישׁ תַּרְשִׁישׁ PROPN _ _ 30 obl _ Gloss=to|Ref=JON_1:3!19|MId=o320010030191|Strong=8659 34 ָה ה X _ _ 33 nmod _ Gloss=Tarshish|Ref=JON_1:3!19|MId=o320010030192|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 35-37 מִלִּפְנֵ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 37 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JON_1:3!20|MId=o320010030201|Strong=4480 36 לִּ לְ ADP _ _ 37 case _ Gloss=|Ref=JON_1:3!20|MId=o320010030202|Strong=3807a 37 פְנֵ֖י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 30 obl _ Gloss=before|Ref=JON_1:3!20|MId=o320010030203|Strong=6440 38 יְהוָֽה יהוה PROPN _ _ 37 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=JON_1:3!21|MId=o320010030211|Strong=3068|SpaceAfter=No 39 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 38 punct _ Ref=JON_1:3!21 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יָּקָם *he arose* | wayyiqtol · qal | יוֹנָה *Jonah* | | | | | בְרֹחַ *flee* | infinitive construct · qal | יוֹנָה *Jonah* | | | | | יֵּרֶד *he went down* | wayyiqtol · qal | יוֹנָה *Jonah* | | | | | יִּמְצָא *he found* | wayyiqtol · qal | יוֹנָה *Jonah* | אָנִיָּה *a ship* | | | | בָּאָה *\[which was\] about to go* | participle active · qal | אָנִיָּה *a ship* | | | | | יִּתֵּן *he gave* | wayyiqtol · qal | יוֹנָה *Jonah* | שְׂכָר *fare* | | | | יֵּרֶד *he went down* | wayyiqtol · qal | יוֹנָה *Jonah* | | | | | בוֹא *go* | infinitive construct · qal | יוֹנָה *Jonah* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְקָם יוֹנָה לְמֶעְרַק לְיַמָא מִן קֳדָם דְאִתְנַבֵּי בִּשְׁמָא דַייָ וּנְחַת לְיָפוֹ וְאַשְׁכַּח אִילְפָא דַאֲזָלָא לְיַמָא וִיהַב אַגְרָא וּנְחַת בָּהּ לְמֵיזַל עִמְהוֹן בְּיַמָא מִן קֳדָם דְאִתְנַבֵּי בִּשְׁמָא דַיָי: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [But Jonah rose up to flee unto Tarshish from the presence of the LORD; and he went down to Joppa, and found a ship going to Tarshish; so he paid the fare thereof, and went down into it, to go with them unto Tarshish, from the presence of the LORD.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JON.2/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JON:2`. - ← previous: [Jonah 1:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JON.1.2/) - next →: [Jonah 1:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JON.1.4/) - ↑ back to [Jonah 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JON/1/)