--- title: Jonah 1:5 — And the mariners were afraid, and cried every man unto his god; and… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the mariners were afraid, and cried every man unto his god; and they cast forth the wares that were in the ship into the sea, to lighten it unto them. But Jonah was gone down into the innermost parts of the ship; and he lay, and was fast asleep. Who acts: mariners, wares, Jonah. Jonah 1:5 in Heb --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JON.1.5/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jonah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JON/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JON/1/) / 1:5 # Jonah 1:5 יוֹנָה **Who acts:** mariners, wares, Jonah · **What happens:** be, cry, cast, lighten, go down, lie · **To what, where:** man, wares, sea, ship, innermost parts This is Jonah 1:5 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — mariners, wares, Jonah — and what happens in the verse to man, wares, sea, ship, innermost parts, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 4 chapters of Jonah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּֽירְא֣וּ הַמַּלָּחִ֗ים וַֽיִּזְעֲקוּ֮ אִ֣ישׁ אֶל־אֱלֹהָיו֒ וַיָּטִ֨לוּ אֶת־הַכֵּלִ֜ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר בָּֽאֳנִיָּה֙ אֶל־הַיָּ֔ם לְהָקֵ֖ל מֵֽעֲלֵיהֶ֑ם וְיוֹנָ֗ה יָרַד֙ אֶל־יַרְכְּתֵ֣י הַסְּפִינָ֔ה וַיִּשְׁכַּ֖ב וַיֵּרָדַֽם׃ [And the mariners were afraid, and cried every man unto his god; and they cast forth the wares that were in the ship into the sea, to lighten it unto them.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JON.4/) [But Jonah was gone down into the innermost parts of the ship; and he lay, and was fast asleep.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JON.5/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JON:4 # text = וַיִּֽירְא֣וּ הַמַּלָּחִ֗ים וַֽיִּזְעֲקוּ֮ אִ֣ישׁ אֶל־אֱלֹהָיו֒ וַיָּטִ֨לוּ אֶת־הַכֵּלִ֜ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר בָּֽאֳנִיָּה֙ אֶל־הַיָּ֔ם לְהָקֵ֖ל מֵֽעֲלֵיהֶ֑ם וְיוֹנָ֗ה יָרַד֙ אֶל־יַרְכְּתֵ֣י הַסְּפִינָ֔ה וַיִּשְׁכַּ֖ב וַיֵּרָדַֽם׃ # verse = JON.1.5 1-2 וַיִּֽירְא֣וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JON_1:5!1|MId=o320010050011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּֽירְא֣וּ יָרֵא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.were.afraid|Ref=JON_1:5!1|MId=o320010050012|Strong=3372|Frame=A0:320010050022;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 הַמַּלָּחִ֗ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JON_1:5!2|MId=o320010050021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 מַּלָּחִ֗ים מַלָּח NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ Gloss=mariners|Ref=JON_1:5!2|MId=o320010050022|Strong=4419 5-6 וַֽיִּזְעֲקוּ֮ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 6 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JON_1:5!3|MId=o320010050031|Strong=2050b 6 יִּזְעֲקוּ֮ זָעַק VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.cried.for.help|Ref=JON_1:5!3|MId=o320010050032|Strong=2199|Frame=A0:320010050022;|Type=wayyiqtol 7 אִ֣ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 obl _ Gloss=each|Ref=JON_1:5!4|MId=o320010050041|Strong=0376 8 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JON_1:5!5|MId=o320010050051|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 9-10 אֱלֹהָיו֒ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 אֱלֹהָי אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 6 obl _ Gloss=gods|Ref=JON_1:5!6|MId=o320010050061|Strong=0430 10 ו֒ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=JON_1:5!6|MId=o320010050062|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 11-12 וַיָּטִ֨לוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JON_1:5!7|MId=o320010050071|Strong=2050b 12 יָּטִ֨לוּ טוּל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.hurled|Ref=JON_1:5!7|MId=o320010050072|Strong=2904|Frame=AA:320010050022;A0:320010050092;|Type=wayyiqtol 13 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JON_1:5!8|MId=o320010050081|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 14-15 הַכֵּלִ֜ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 15 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JON_1:5!9|MId=o320010050091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 15 כֵּלִ֜ים כְּלִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 12 obj _ Gloss=vessels|Ref=JON_1:5!9|MId=o320010050092|Strong=3627 16 אֲשֶׁ֤ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 19 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=JON_1:5!10|MId=o320010050101|Strong=0834|Type=relative 17-19 בָּֽאֳנִיָּה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 בָּֽ בְּ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=[were].in|Ref=JON_1:5!11|MId=o320010050111|Strong=0871a 18 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 19 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JON_1:5!11|MId=o320010050111ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 19 אֳנִיָּה֙ אֳנִיָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 15 acl:relcl _ Gloss=ship|Ref=JON_1:5!11|MId=o320010050112|Strong=0591 20 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=into|Ref=JON_1:5!12|MId=o320010050121|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 21-22 הַיָּ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 22 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JON_1:5!13|MId=o320010050131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 22 יָּ֔ם יָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 obl _ Gloss=sea|Ref=JON_1:5!13|MId=o320010050132|Strong=3220 23-24 לְהָקֵ֖ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JON_1:5!14|MId=o320010050141|Strong=3807a 24 הָקֵ֖ל קָלַל VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 12 advcl _ Gloss=lighten|Ref=JON_1:5!14|MId=o320010050142|Strong=7043|Frame=A0:320010050022;|Type=infinitive_construct 25-27 מֵֽעֲלֵיהֶ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 מֵֽ מִן ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JON_1:5!15|MId=o320010050151|Strong=4480 26 עֲלֵי עַל ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JON_1:5!15|MId=o320010050152|Strong=5921 27 הֶ֑ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=JON_1:5!15|MId=o320010050153|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 28-29 וְיוֹנָ֗ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 30 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JON_1:5!16|MId=o320010050161|Strong=2050b 29 יוֹנָ֗ה יוֹנָה PROPN _ _ 30 nsubj _ Gloss=Jonah|Ref=JON_1:5!16|MId=o320010050162|Strong=3124 30 יָרַד֙ יָרַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.had.gone.down|Ref=JON_1:5!17|MId=o320010050171|Strong=3381|Frame=A0:320010050162;|Type=qatal 31 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=into|Ref=JON_1:5!18|MId=o320010050181|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 32 יַרְכְּתֵ֣י יַרְכָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Dual 30 obl _ Gloss=the.innermost.parts|Ref=JON_1:5!19|MId=o320010050191|Strong=3411 33-34 הַסְּפִינָ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 34 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JON_1:5!20|MId=o320010050201|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 34 סְּפִינָ֔ה סְפִינָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 32 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.ship|Ref=JON_1:5!20|MId=o320010050202|Strong=5600 35-36 וַיִּשְׁכַּ֖ב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 36 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JON_1:5!21|MId=o320010050211|Strong=2050b 36 יִּשְׁכַּ֖ב שָׁכַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.had.lain.down|Ref=JON_1:5!21|MId=o320010050212|Strong=7901|Frame=A0:320010050162;|Type=wayyiqtol 37-38 וַיֵּרָדַֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 38 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JON_1:5!22|MId=o320010050221|Strong=2050b 38 יֵּרָדַֽם רָדַם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.had.fallen.asleep|Ref=JON_1:5!22|MId=o320010050222|Strong=7290|Frame=A0:320010050162;|Type=wayyiqtol 39 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 38 punct _ Ref=JON_1:5!22 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּֽירְאוּ *they were afraid* | wayyiqtol · qal | מַּלָּחִים *mariners* | | | | | יִּזְעֲקוּ *they cried for help* | wayyiqtol · qal | מַּלָּחִים *mariners* | | | | | יָּטִלוּ *they hurled* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | כֵּלִים *vessels* | | | מַּלָּחִים *mariners* | | הָקֵל *lighten* | infinitive construct · hiphil | מַּלָּחִים *mariners* | | | | | יָרַד *he had gone down* | qatal · qal | יוֹנָה *Jonah* | | | | | יִּשְׁכַּב *he had lain down* | wayyiqtol · qal | יוֹנָה *Jonah* | | | | | יֵּרָדַֽם *he had fallen asleep* | wayyiqtol · niphal | יוֹנָה *Jonah* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּדְחִילוּ סַפְנַיָא וּבְעוֹ גְבַר מִן דְחַלְתֵּיהּ וַחֲזוֹ אֲרֵי לֵית בְּהוֹן צְרוֹךְ וּרְמוֹ יַת מָנַיָא דִבְאִילְפָא לְיַמָא לְאַקָלָא מִנְהוֹן וְיוֹנָה נְחֵית לְאַרְעִית שִׁדָא דְאִילְפָא וּשְׁכִיב וּדְמוּךְ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the mariners were afraid, and cried every man unto his god; and they cast forth the wares that were in the ship into the sea, to lighten it unto them.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JON.4/) 2. [But Jonah was gone down into the innermost parts of the ship; and he lay, and was fast asleep.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JON.5/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JON:4`. - ← previous: [Jonah 1:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JON.1.4/) - next →: [Jonah 1:6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JON.1.6/) - ↑ back to [Jonah 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JON/1/)