--- title: Jonah 3:7 — And he caused it to be proclaimed and published through Nineveh by t… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And he caused it to be proclaimed and published through Nineveh by the decree of the king and his nobles, saying: 'Let neither man nor beast, herd nor flock, taste any thing; let them not feed, nor drink water; Who acts: Nineveh, robe, man, king. Jonah 3:7 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JON.3.7/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jonah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JON/) / [chapter 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JON/3/) / 3:7 # Jonah 3:7 יוֹנָה **Who acts:** Nineveh, robe, man, king · **What happens:** cause, proclaim, publish, say, let, taste · **To what, where:** robe, Nineveh, man, thing, water · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Jonah 3:7 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Nineveh, robe, man, king — and what happens in the verse to robe, Nineveh, man, thing, water, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 4 chapters of Jonah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיַּזְעֵ֗ק וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ בְּנִֽינְוֵ֔ה מִטַּ֧עַם הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ וּגְדֹלָ֖יו לֵאמֹ֑ר הָאָדָ֨ם וְהַבְּהֵמָ֜ה הַבָּקָ֣ר וְהַצֹּ֗אן אַֽל־יִטְעֲמוּ֙ מְא֔וּמָה אַ֨ל־יִרְע֔וּ וּמַ֖יִם אַל־יִשְׁתּֽוּ׃ [And he caused it to be proclaimed and published through Nineveh by the decree of the king and his nobles, saying: 'Let neither man nor beast, herd nor flock, taste any thing; let them not feed, nor drink water;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JON.36/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JON:33 # text = וַיַּזְעֵ֗ק וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ בְּנִֽינְוֵ֔ה מִטַּ֧עַם הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ וּגְדֹלָ֖יו לֵאמֹ֑ר הָאָדָ֨ם וְהַבְּהֵמָ֜ה הַבָּקָ֣ר וְהַצֹּ֗אן אַֽל־יִטְעֲמוּ֙ מְא֔וּמָה אַ֨ל־יִרְע֔וּ וּמַ֖יִם אַל־יִשְׁתּֽוּ׃ # verse = JON.3.7 1-2 וַיַּזְעֵ֗ק _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JON_3:7!1|MId=o320030070011|Strong=2050b 2 יַּזְעֵ֗ק זָעַק VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.had.a.proclamation.made|Ref=JON_3:7!1|MId=o320030070012|Strong=2199|Frame=A0:320030060041;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 4 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JON_3:7!2|MId=o320030070021|Strong=2050b 4 יֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=JON_3:7!2|MId=o320030070022|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:320030060041;|Type=wayyiqtol 5-6 בְּנִֽינְוֵ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JON_3:7!3|MId=o320030070031|Strong=0871a 6 נִֽינְוֵ֔ה נִינְוֵה PROPN _ _ 4 obl _ Gloss=Nineveh|Ref=JON_3:7!3|MId=o320030070032|Strong=5210 7-8 מִטַּ֧עַם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JON_3:7!4|MId=o320030070041|Strong=4480 8 טַּ֧עַם טַעַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 ccomp _ Gloss=the.decree|Ref=JON_3:7!4|MId=o320030070042|Strong=2940 9-10 הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 10 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JON_3:7!5|MId=o320030070051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 10 מֶּ֛לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=JON_3:7!5|MId=o320030070052|Strong=4428 11-13 וּגְדֹלָ֖יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JON_3:7!6|MId=o320030070061|Strong=2050b 12 גְדֹלָ֖י גָּדוֹל ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 10 conj _ Gloss=his.great|Ref=JON_3:7!6|MId=o320030070062|Strong=1419|Type=adjective 13 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 nmod:poss _ Gloss=[people]|Ref=JON_3:7!6|MId=o320030070063|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 14-15 לֵאמֹ֑ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 לֵ לְ ADP _ ExtPos=SCONJ 27 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=JON_3:7!7|MId=o320030070071|Strong=3807a 15 אמֹ֑ר אָמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 14 fixed _ Gloss=|Ref=JON_3:7!7|MId=o320030070072|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:320030070042;|Type=infinitive_construct 16-17 הָאָדָ֨ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 17 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JON_3:7!8|MId=o320030070081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 17 אָדָ֨ם אָדָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 27 nsubj _ Gloss=people|Ref=JON_3:7!8|MId=o320030070082|Strong=0120 18-20 וְהַבְּהֵמָ֜ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JON_3:7!9|MId=o320030070091|Strong=2050b 19 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 20 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JON_3:7!9|MId=o320030070092|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 20 בְּהֵמָ֜ה בְּהֵמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 17 conj _ Gloss=livestock|Ref=JON_3:7!9|MId=o320030070093|Strong=0929 21-22 הַבָּקָ֣ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 22 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JON_3:7!10|MId=o320030070101|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 22 בָּקָ֣ר בָּקָר NOUN _ Number=Sing 17 conj _ Gloss=cattle|Ref=JON_3:7!10|MId=o320030070102|Strong=1241 23-25 וְהַצֹּ֗אן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JON_3:7!11|MId=o320030070111|Strong=2050b 24 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 25 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JON_3:7!11|MId=o320030070112|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 25 צֹּ֗אן צֹאן NOUN _ Number=Sing 22 conj _ Gloss=flock[s]|Ref=JON_3:7!11|MId=o320030070113|Strong=6629 26 אַֽל־ אַל ADV _ _ 27 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=JON_3:7!12|MId=o320030070121|Strong=0408|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 27 יִטְעֲמוּ֙ טָעַם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 8 advcl _ Gloss=let.them.taste|Ref=JON_3:7!13|MId=o320030070131|Strong=2938|Frame=A0:320030070082;320030070093;320030070102;320030070113;A1:320030070141;|Type=jussive 28 מְא֔וּמָה מְאוּמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 27 obj _ Gloss=anything|Ref=JON_3:7!14|MId=o320030070141|Strong=3972 29 אַ֨ל־ אַל ADV _ _ 30 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=JON_3:7!15|MId=o320030070151|Strong=0408|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 30 יִרְע֔וּ רָעָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 8 parataxis _ Gloss=let.them.graze|Ref=JON_3:7!16|MId=o320030070161|Strong=7462|Frame=A0:320030070082;320030070093;320030070102;320030070113;|Type=jussive 31-32 וּמַ֖יִם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 34 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JON_3:7!17|MId=o320030070171|Strong=2050b 32 מַ֖יִם מַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 34 obj _ Gloss=water|Ref=JON_3:7!17|MId=o320030070172|Strong=4325 33 אַל־ אַל ADV _ _ 34 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=JON_3:7!18|MId=o320030070181|Strong=0408|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 34 יִשְׁתּֽוּ שָׁתָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 30 conj _ Gloss=let.them.drink|Ref=JON_3:7!19|MId=o320030070191|Strong=8354|Frame=A0:320030070082;320030070093;320030070102;320030070113;A1:320030070172;|Type=jussive|SpaceAfter=No 35 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 34 punct _ Ref=JON_3:7!19 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יַּזְעֵק *he had a proclamation made* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | | | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | אמֹר | infinitive construct · qal | טַּעַם *the decree* | | | | | **not** יִטְעֲמוּ *let them taste* | jussive · qal | אָדָם *people* + בְּהֵמָה *livestock* + בָּקָר *cattle* + צֹּאן *flock\[s\]* | מְאוּמָה *anything* | | | | **not** יִרְעוּ *let them graze* | jussive · qal | אָדָם *people* + בְּהֵמָה *livestock* + בָּקָר *cattle* + צֹּאן *flock\[s\]* | | | | | **not** יִשְׁתּֽוּ *let them drink* | jussive · qal | אָדָם *people* + בְּהֵמָה *livestock* + בָּקָר *cattle* + צֹּאן *flock\[s\]* | מַיִם *water* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְאַכְרֵיז וַאֲמַר בְּנִינְוֵה מִגְזֵירַת מַלְכָּא וְרַבְרְבָנוֹהִי לְמֵימָר אֱנָשָׁא וּבְעִירָא תּוֹרָא וַעֲנָא לָא יִטְעֲמוּן מִדַעַם וְלָא יִרְעוּן וּמַיָא לָא יִשְׁתּוּן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And he caused it to be proclaimed and published through Nineveh by the decree of the king and his nobles, saying: 'Let neither man nor beast, herd nor flock, taste any thing; let them not feed, nor drink water;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JON.36/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JON:33`. - ← previous: [Jonah 3:6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JON.3.6/) - next →: [Jonah 3:8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JON.3.8/) - ↑ back to [Jonah 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JON/3/)