--- title: Jonah 4:11 — and should not I have pity on Nineveh, that great city, wherein are… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: and should not I have pity on Nineveh, that great city, wherein are more than sixscore thousand persons that cannot discern between their right hand and their left hand, and also much cattle?' Who acts: I, persons. Jonah 4:11 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the prag --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JON.4.11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jonah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JON/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JON/4/) / 4:11 # Jonah 4:11 יוֹנָה **Who acts:** I, persons · **What happens:** not have, be, not discern · **To what, where:** pity, Nineveh, persons This is Jonah 4:11 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, persons — and what happens in the verse to pity, Nineveh, persons, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 4 chapters of Jonah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַֽאֲנִי֙ לֹ֣א אָח֔וּס עַל־נִינְוֵ֖ה הָעִ֣יר הַגְּדוֹלָ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר יֶשׁ־בָּ֡הּ הַרְבֵּה֩ מִֽשְׁתֵּים־עֶשְׂרֵ֨ה רִבּ֜וֹ אָדָ֗ם אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹֽא־יָדַע֙ בֵּין־יְמִינ֣וֹ לִשְׂמֹאל֔וֹ וּבְהֵמָ֖ה רַבָּֽה׃ [and should not I have pity on Nineveh, that great city, wherein are more than sixscore thousand persons that cannot discern between their right hand and their left hand, and also much cattle?'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JON.52/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JON:47 # text = וַֽאֲנִי֙ לֹ֣א אָח֔וּס עַל־נִינְוֵ֖ה הָעִ֣יר הַגְּדוֹלָ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר יֶשׁ־בָּ֡הּ הַרְבֵּה֩ מִֽשְׁתֵּים־עֶשְׂרֵ֨ה רִבּ֜וֹ אָדָ֗ם אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹֽא־יָדַע֙ בֵּין־יְמִינ֣וֹ לִשְׂמֹאל֔וֹ וּבְהֵמָ֖ה רַבָּֽה׃ # verse = JON.4.11 1-2 וַֽאֲנִי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 4 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JON_4:11!1|MId=o320040110011|Strong=2050b 2 אֲנִי֙ אֲנִי PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 4 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=JON_4:11!1|MId=o320040110012|Strong=0589|Type=personal 3 לֹ֣א לֹא ADV _ _ 4 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=JON_4:11!2|MId=o320040110021|Strong=3808|Type=negative 4 אָח֔וּס חוּס VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=will.I.have.compassion?|Ref=JON_4:11!3|MId=o320040110031|Strong=2347|Frame=A0:320040110012;|Type=yiqtol 5 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JON_4:11!4|MId=o320040110041|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 6 נִינְוֵ֖ה נִינְוֵה PROPN _ _ 4 obl _ Gloss=Nineveh|Ref=JON_4:11!5|MId=o320040110051|Strong=5210 7-8 הָעִ֣יר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 8 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JON_4:11!6|MId=o320040110061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 8 עִ֣יר עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 6 appos _ Gloss=city|Ref=JON_4:11!6|MId=o320040110062|Strong=5892 9-10 הַגְּדוֹלָ֑ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 10 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JON_4:11!7|MId=o320040110071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 10 גְּדוֹלָ֑ה גָּדוֹל ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 8 amod _ Gloss=great|Ref=JON_4:11!7|MId=o320040110072|Strong=1419|Type=adjective 11 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 12 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=JON_4:11!8|MId=o320040110081|Strong=0834|Type=relative 12 יֶשׁ־ יֵשׁ ADV _ _ 6 acl:relcl _ Gloss=there.[are]|Ref=JON_4:11!9|MId=o320040110091|Strong=3426|Type=demonstrative|SpaceAfter=No 13-14 בָּ֡הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 בּ בְּ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JON_4:11!10|MId=o320040110101|Strong=0871a 14 ָ֡הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 obl _ Gloss=it|Ref=JON_4:11!10|MId=o320040110102|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 15 הַרְבֵּה֩ רָבָה ADV _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 12 nsubj _ Gloss=many|Ref=JON_4:11!11|MId=o320040110111|Strong=7235b|Type=infinitive_absolute 16-17 מִֽשְׁתֵּים־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 מִֽ מִן ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=more|Ref=JON_4:11!12|MId=o320040110121|Strong=4480 17 שְׁתֵּים־ שְׁנַיִם NUM _ Gender=Fem|Number=Dual 20 nummod _ Gloss=than.two.plus|Ref=JON_4:11!12|MId=o320040110122|Strong=8147|Type=cardinal_number 18 עֶשְׂרֵ֨ה עֶשְׂרֵה NUM _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 17 flat _ Gloss=ten|Ref=JON_4:11!13|MId=o320040110131|Strong=6240|Type=cardinal_number 19 רִבּ֜וֹ רִבֹּוא NUM _ Number=Sing 17 flat _ Gloss=ten.thousand|Ref=JON_4:11!14|MId=o320040110141|Strong=7239|Type=cardinal_number 20 אָדָ֗ם אָדָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 nmod _ Gloss=person[s]|Ref=JON_4:11!15|MId=o320040110151|Strong=0120 21 אֲשֶׁ֤ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 23 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=JON_4:11!16|MId=o320040110161|Strong=0834|Type=relative 22 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 23 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=JON_4:11!17|MId=o320040110171|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 23 יָדַע֙ יָדַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 20 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.distinguishes|Ref=JON_4:11!18|MId=o320040110181|Strong=3045|Frame=A0:320040110151;|Type=qatal 24 בֵּין־ בֵּין ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=between|Ref=JON_4:11!19|MId=o320040110191|Strong=0996|SpaceAfter=No 25-26 יְמִינ֣וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 יְמִינ יָמִין NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 23 obl _ Gloss=hand|Ref=JON_4:11!20|MId=o320040110201|Strong=3225 26 ֣וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his.right|Ref=JON_4:11!20|MId=o320040110202|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 27-29 לִשְׂמֹאל֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=and|Ref=JON_4:11!21|MId=o320040110211|Strong=3807a 28 שְׂמֹאל שְׂמֹאל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 25 conj _ Gloss=left|Ref=JON_4:11!21|MId=o320040110212|Strong=8040 29 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=JON_4:11!21|MId=o320040110213|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 30-31 וּבְהֵמָ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 31 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JON_4:11!22|MId=o320040110221|Strong=2050b 31 בְהֵמָ֖ה בְּהֵמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 15 conj _ Gloss=livestock|Ref=JON_4:11!22|MId=o320040110222|Strong=0929 32 רַבָּֽה רַב ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 31 amod _ Gloss=much|Ref=JON_4:11!23|MId=o320040110231|Strong=7227|Type=adjective|SpaceAfter=No 33 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 32 punct _ Ref=JON_4:11!23 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: promise - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **not** אָחוּס *will I have compassion?* | yiqtol · qal | אֲנִי *I* | | | | | **not** יָדַע *he distinguishes* | qatal · qal | אָדָם *person\[s\]* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲנָא לָא אָחוּס עַל נִינְוֵה קַרְתָּא רַבְּתָא דְאִית בָּהּ סַגִי מִתַּרְתָּא עַסְרֵי רִבְּוָן אֱנָשָׁא דְלָא יְדַע בֵּין יְמִינֵיהּ לִסְמָלֵיהּ וּבְעִירָא סַגִי: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [and should not I have pity on Nineveh, that great city, wherein are more than sixscore thousand persons that cannot discern between their right hand and their left hand, and also much cattle?'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JON.52/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JON:47`. - ← previous: [Jonah 4:10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JON.4.10/) - next →: [Micah 1:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MIC.1.1/) - ↑ back to [Jonah 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JON/4/)