--- title: Jonah 4:2 — And he prayed unto the LORD, and said: 'I pray Thee, O LORD, was not… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And he prayed unto the LORD, and said: 'I pray Thee, O LORD, was not this my saying, when I was yet in mine own country? Therefore I fled beforehand unto Tarshish; for I knew that Thou art a gracious God, and compassionate, long-suffering, and abundant in mercy, and repentest Thee of the evil. Who a --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JON.4.2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jonah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JON/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JON/4/) / 4:2 # Jonah 4:2 יוֹנָה **Who acts:** Jonah, I, this · **What happens:** pray, say, not be, be, flee, know · **To what, where:** Thee, saying, own country, gracious God, mercy · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Jonah 4:2 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Jonah, I, this — and what happens in the verse to Thee, saying, own country, gracious God, mercy, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 4 chapters of Jonah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּתְפַּלֵּ֨ל אֶל־יְהוָ֜ה וַיֹּאמַ֗ר אָנָּ֤ה יְהוָה֙ הֲלוֹא־זֶ֣ה דְבָרִ֗י עַד־הֱיוֹתִי֙ עַל־אַדְמָתִ֔י עַל־כֵּ֥ן קִדַּ֖מְתִּי לִבְרֹ֣חַ תַּרְשִׁ֑ישָׁה כִּ֣י יָדַ֗עְתִּי כִּ֤י אַתָּה֙ אֵֽל־חַנּ֣וּן וְרַח֔וּם אֶ֤רֶךְ אַפַּ֙יִם֙ וְרַב־חֶ֔סֶד וְנִחָ֖ם עַל־הָרָעָֽה׃ [And he prayed unto the LORD, and said: 'I pray Thee, O LORD, was not this my saying, when I was yet in mine own country?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JON.41/) [Therefore I fled beforehand unto Tarshish; for I knew that Thou art a gracious God, and compassionate, long-suffering, and abundant in mercy, and repentest Thee of the evil.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JON.42/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JON:38 # text = וַיִּתְפַּלֵּ֨ל אֶל־יְהוָ֜ה וַיֹּאמַ֗ר אָנָּ֤ה יְהוָה֙ הֲלוֹא־זֶ֣ה דְבָרִ֗י עַד־הֱיוֹתִי֙ עַל־אַדְמָתִ֔י עַל־כֵּ֥ן קִדַּ֖מְתִּי לִבְרֹ֣חַ תַּרְשִׁ֑ישָׁה כִּ֣י יָדַ֗עְתִּי כִּ֤י אַתָּה֙ אֵֽל־חַנּ֣וּן וְרַח֔וּם אֶ֤רֶךְ אַפַּ֙יִם֙ וְרַב־חֶ֔סֶד וְנִחָ֖ם עַל־הָרָעָֽה׃ # verse = JON.4.2 1-2 וַיִּתְפַּלֵּ֨ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JON_4:2!1|MId=o320040020011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּתְפַּלֵּ֨ל פָּלַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HITHPAEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.prayed|Ref=JON_4:2!1|MId=o320040020012|Strong=6419|Frame=A0:320040010031;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JON_4:2!2|MId=o320040020021|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 4 יְהוָ֜ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=JON_4:2!3|MId=o320040020031|Strong=3068 5-6 וַיֹּאמַ֗ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 6 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JON_4:2!4|MId=o320040020041|Strong=2050b 6 יֹּאמַ֗ר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=JON_4:2!4|MId=o320040020042|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:320040010031;|Type=wayyiqtol 7 אָנָּ֤ה אָנָּא INTJ _ _ 12 discourse _ Gloss=please!|Ref=JON_4:2!5|MId=o320040020051|Strong=0577|Type=interjection 8 יְהוָה֙ יהוה PROPN _ _ 12 dislocated _ Gloss=O.Yahweh|Ref=JON_4:2!6|MId=o320040020061|Strong=3068 9-10 הֲלוֹא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 הֲ הֲ PART _ _ 12 advmod _ Gloss=?|Ref=JON_4:2!7|MId=o320040020071|Strong=1886b|Type=interrogative 10 לוֹא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 12 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=JON_4:2!7|MId=o320040020072|Strong=3808|Type=negative 11 זֶ֣ה זֶה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 12 nsubj _ Gloss=[was].this|Ref=JON_4:2!8|MId=o320040020081|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 12-13 דְבָרִ֗י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 דְבָר דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 ccomp _ Gloss=word|Ref=JON_4:2!9|MId=o320040020091|Strong=1697 13 ִ֗י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 12 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=JON_4:2!9|MId=o320040020092|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 14 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=until|Ref=JON_4:2!10|MId=o320040020101|Strong=5704|SpaceAfter=No 15-16 הֱיוֹתִי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 הֱיוֹת הָיָה AUX _ HebBinyan=QAL 18 cop _ Gloss=was|Ref=JON_4:2!11|MId=o320040020111|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:320040020112;|Type=infinitive_construct 16 ִי֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 18 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=JON_4:2!11|MId=o320040020112|Strong=5204a|Type=pronominal 17 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JON_4:2!12|MId=o320040020121|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 18-19 אַדְמָתִ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 אַדְמָת אֲדָמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 12 obl _ Gloss=land|Ref=JON_4:2!13|MId=o320040020131|Strong=0127 19 ִ֔י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my.own|Ref=JON_4:2!13|MId=o320040020132|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 20 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=therefore|Ref=JON_4:2!14|MId=o320040020141|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 21 כֵּ֥ן כֵּן ADV _ _ 2 conj _ Gloss=|Ref=JON_4:2!15|MId=o320040020151|Strong=3651|Type=demonstrative 22 קִדַּ֖מְתִּי קָדַם VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=1 12 ccomp _ Gloss=I.did.the.first.time|Ref=JON_4:2!16|MId=o320040020161|Strong=6923|Frame=A0:320040010031;|Type=qatal 23-24 לִבְרֹ֣חַ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JON_4:2!17|MId=o320040020171|Strong=3807a 24 בְרֹ֣חַ בָּרַח VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 22 advcl _ Gloss=flee|Ref=JON_4:2!17|MId=o320040020172|Strong=1272|Frame=A0:320040010031;|Type=infinitive_construct 25-26 תַּרְשִׁ֑ישָׁה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 תַּרְשִׁ֑ישׁ תַּרְשִׁישׁ PROPN _ _ 24 obl _ Gloss=to|Ref=JON_4:2!18|MId=o320040020181|Strong=8659 26 ָה ה X _ _ 25 nmod _ Gloss=Tarshish|Ref=JON_4:2!18|MId=o320040020182|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 27 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 28 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=JON_4:2!19|MId=o320040020191|Strong=3588 28 יָדַ֗עְתִּי יָדַע VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 22 advcl _ Gloss=I.knew|Ref=JON_4:2!20|MId=o320040020201|Strong=3045|Frame=A0:320040010031;A1:320040020231;|Type=qatal 29 כִּ֤י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 31 mark _ Gloss=(dm).that|Ref=JON_4:2!21|MId=o320040020211|Strong=3588 30 אַתָּה֙ אַתָּה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 31 nsubj _ Gloss=you|Ref=JON_4:2!22|MId=o320040020221|Strong=0859|Type=personal 31 אֵֽל־ אֵל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 28 ccomp _ Gloss=[are].a.God|Ref=JON_4:2!23|MId=o320040020231|Strong=0410|SpaceAfter=No 32 חַנּ֣וּן חַנּוּן ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 31 amod _ Gloss=gracious|Ref=JON_4:2!24|MId=o320040020241|Strong=2587|Type=adjective 33-34 וְרַח֔וּם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 34 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JON_4:2!25|MId=o320040020251|Strong=2050b 34 רַח֔וּם רַחוּם ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 32 amod _ Gloss=compassionate|Ref=JON_4:2!25|MId=o320040020252|Strong=7349|Type=adjective 35 אֶ֤רֶךְ אָרֵךְ ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 32 amod _ Gloss=long|Ref=JON_4:2!26|MId=o320040020261|Strong=0750|Type=adjective 36 אַפַּ֙יִם֙ אַף NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Dual 35 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.anger(s)|Ref=JON_4:2!27|MId=o320040020271|Strong=0639 37-38 וְרַב־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 38 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JON_4:2!28|MId=o320040020281|Strong=2050b 38 רַב־ רַב ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 35 conj _ Gloss=great|Ref=JON_4:2!28|MId=o320040020282|Strong=7227|Type=adjective 39 חֶ֔סֶד חֶסֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 38 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.covenant.loyalty|Ref=JON_4:2!29|MId=o320040020291|Strong=2617 40-41 וְנִחָ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 41 cc _ Gloss=and.[who]|Ref=JON_4:2!30|MId=o320040020301|Strong=2050b 41 נִחָ֖ם נָחַם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing 32 conj _ Gloss=relents|Ref=JON_4:2!30|MId=o320040020302|Strong=5162|Frame=A0:320040020231;|Type=participle_active 42 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 44 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JON_4:2!31|MId=o320040020311|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 43-44 הָרָעָֽה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 44 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JON_4:2!32|MId=o320040020321|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 44 רָעָֽה רָעָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 41 obl _ Gloss=evil|Ref=JON_4:2!32|MId=o320040020322|Strong=7451b 45 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 44 punct _ Ref=JON_4:2!32 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: yes/no question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּתְפַּלֵּל *he prayed* | wayyiqtol · hithpael | | | | | | יֹּאמַר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | הֱיוֹת *was* | infinitive construct · qal | ִי *I* | | | | | קִדַּמְתִּי *I did the first time* | qatal · piel | | | | | | בְרֹחַ *flee* | infinitive construct · qal | | | | | | יָדַעְתִּי *I knew* | qatal · qal | | אֵֽל־ *\[are\] a God* | | | | נִחָם *relents* | participle active · niphal | אֵֽל־ *\[are\] a God* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְצַלֵי קֳדָם יְיָ וַאֲמַר קַבֵּיל בָּעוּתִי יְיָ הֲלָא דֵין פִּתְגָמִי עַד דַהֲוֵיתִי עַל דַהֲוֵיתִי עַל אַרְעִי עַל כֵּן אוֹחֵיתִי לְמֶעְרַק לְיַמָא אֲרֵי יְדַעְנָא אֲרֵי אַתְּ אֱלָהָא חֲנָנָא וְרַחֲמָנָא מַרְחֵיק רְגַז וּמַסְגֵי לְמֶעְבַּד טַבְוָן וּמְתִיב מֵימְרֵיהּ מִלְאַיְתָאָה בִּישְׁתָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And he prayed unto the LORD, and said: 'I pray Thee, O LORD, was not this my saying, when I was yet in mine own country?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JON.41/) 2. [Therefore I fled beforehand unto Tarshish; for I knew that Thou art a gracious God, and compassionate, long-suffering, and abundant in mercy, and repentest Thee of the evil.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JON.42/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JON:38`. - ← previous: [Jonah 4:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JON.4.1/) - next →: [Jonah 4:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JON.4.3/) - ↑ back to [Jonah 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JON/4/)