--- title: Jonah 4:8 — And it came to pass, when the sun arose, that God prepared a vehemen… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And it came to pass, when the sun arose, that God prepared a vehement east wind; and the sun beat upon the head of Jonah, that he fainted, and requested for himself that he might die, and said: 'It is better for me to die than to live.' Who acts: gourd, sun, God, me. Jonah 4:8 in Hebrew with its dep --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JON.4.8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jonah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JON/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JON/4/) / 4:8 # Jonah 4:8 יוֹנָה **Who acts:** gourd, sun, God, me · **What happens:** come, pass, arise, prepare, beat, faint · **To what, where:** vehement east wind, head · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Jonah 4:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — gourd, sun, God, me — and what happens in the verse to vehement east wind, head, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 4 chapters of Jonah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיְהִ֣י ׀ כִּזְרֹ֣חַ הַשֶּׁ֗מֶשׁ וַיְמַ֨ן אֱלֹהִ֜ים ר֤וּחַ קָדִים֙ חֲרִישִׁ֔ית וַתַּ֥ךְ הַשֶּׁ֛מֶשׁ עַל־רֹ֥אשׁ יוֹנָ֖ה וַיִּתְעַלָּ֑ף וַיִּשְׁאַ֤ל אֶת־נַפְשׁוֹ֙ לָמ֔וּת וַיֹּ֕אמֶר ט֥וֹב מוֹתִ֖י מֵחַיָּֽי׃ [And it came to pass, when the sun arose, that God prepared a vehement east wind; and the sun beat upon the head of Jonah, that he fainted, and requested for himself that he might die, and said: 'It is better for me to die than to live.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JON.49/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JON:44 # text = וַיְהִ֣י ׀ כִּזְרֹ֣חַ הַשֶּׁ֗מֶשׁ וַיְמַ֨ן אֱלֹהִ֜ים ר֤וּחַ קָדִים֙ חֲרִישִׁ֔ית וַתַּ֥ךְ הַשֶּׁ֛מֶשׁ עַל־רֹ֥אשׁ יוֹנָ֖ה וַיִּתְעַלָּ֑ף וַיִּשְׁאַ֤ל אֶת־נַפְשׁוֹ֙ לָמ֔וּת וַיֹּ֕אמֶר ט֥וֹב מוֹתִ֖י מֵחַיָּֽי׃ # verse = JON.4.8 1-2 וַיְהִ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JON_4:8!1|MId=o320040080011|Strong=2050b 2 יְהִ֣י הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.was|Ref=JON_4:8!1|MId=o320040080012|Strong=1961|Type=wayyiqtol 3 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 2 punct _ Ref=JON_4:8!1 4-5 כִּזְרֹ֣חַ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 כִּ כְּ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=just|Ref=JON_4:8!2|MId=o320040080021|Strong=3509a 5 זְרֹ֣חַ זָרַח VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 2 advcl _ Gloss=as.arose|Ref=JON_4:8!2|MId=o320040080022|Strong=2224|Frame=A0:320040080032;|Type=infinitive_construct 6-7 הַשֶּׁ֗מֶשׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JON_4:8!3|MId=o320040080031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 שֶּׁ֗מֶשׁ שֶׁמֶשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ Gloss=sun|Ref=JON_4:8!3|MId=o320040080032|Strong=8121 8-9 וַיְמַ֨ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JON_4:8!4|MId=o320040080041|Strong=2050b 9 יְמַ֨ן מָנָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.appointed|Ref=JON_4:8!4|MId=o320040080042|Strong=4487|Frame=A0:320040080051;A1:320040080061;|Type=wayyiqtol 10 אֱלֹהִ֜ים אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 9 nsubj _ Gloss=God|Ref=JON_4:8!5|MId=o320040080051|Strong=0430 11 ר֤וּחַ רוּחַ NOUN _ Number=Sing 9 obj _ Gloss=a.wind|Ref=JON_4:8!6|MId=o320040080061|Strong=7307 12 קָדִים֙ קָדִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 compound:smixut _ Gloss=an.east.wind|Ref=JON_4:8!7|MId=o320040080071|Strong=6921 13 חֲרִישִׁ֔ית חֲרִישִׁי ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 11 amod _ Gloss=hot|Ref=JON_4:8!8|MId=o320040080081|Strong=2759|Type=adjective 14-15 וַתַּ֥ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JON_4:8!9|MId=o320040080091|Strong=2050b 15 תַּ֥ךְ נָכָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.struck|Ref=JON_4:8!9|MId=o320040080092|Strong=5221|Frame=A0:320040080102;|Type=wayyiqtol 16-17 הַשֶּׁ֛מֶשׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 17 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JON_4:8!10|MId=o320040080101|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 17 שֶּׁ֛מֶשׁ שֶׁמֶשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 15 nsubj _ Gloss=sun|Ref=JON_4:8!10|MId=o320040080102|Strong=8121 18 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JON_4:8!11|MId=o320040080111|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 19 רֹ֥אשׁ רֹאשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 obl _ Gloss=the.head|Ref=JON_4:8!12|MId=o320040080121|Strong=7218 20 יוֹנָ֖ה יוֹנָה PROPN _ _ 19 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Jonah|Ref=JON_4:8!13|MId=o320040080131|Strong=3124 21-22 וַיִּתְעַלָּ֑ף _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JON_4:8!14|MId=o320040080141|Strong=2050b 22 יִּתְעַלָּ֑ף עָלַף VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HITHPAEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.became.faint|Ref=JON_4:8!14|MId=o320040080142|Strong=5968|Frame=A0:320040080131;|Type=wayyiqtol 23-24 וַיִּשְׁאַ֤ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JON_4:8!15|MId=o320040080151|Strong=2050b 24 יִּשְׁאַ֤ל שָׁאַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.asked|Ref=JON_4:8!15|MId=o320040080152|Strong=7592|Frame=A0:320040080131;A1:320040080171;|Type=wayyiqtol 25 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JON_4:8!16|MId=o320040080161|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 26-27 נַפְשׁוֹ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 נַפְשׁ נֶפֶשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 24 obj _ Gloss=life|Ref=JON_4:8!17|MId=o320040080171|Strong=5315 27 וֹ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 26 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=JON_4:8!17|MId=o320040080172|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 28-29 לָמ֔וּת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JON_4:8!18|MId=o320040080181|Strong=3807a 29 מ֔וּת מוּת VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 24 advcl _ Gloss=die|Ref=JON_4:8!18|MId=o320040080182|Strong=4191|Frame=A0:320040080131;|Type=infinitive_construct 30-31 וַיֹּ֕אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 31 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JON_4:8!19|MId=o320040080191|Strong=2050b 31 יֹּ֕אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=JON_4:8!19|MId=o320040080192|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:320040080131;|Type=wayyiqtol 32 ט֥וֹב טוֹב ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 31 ccomp _ Gloss=[is].good|Ref=JON_4:8!20|MId=o320040080201|Strong=2896|Type=adjective 33-34 מוֹתִ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 מוֹת מוּת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 32 nsubj _ Gloss=death|Ref=JON_4:8!21|MId=o320040080211|Strong=4194 34 ִ֖י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 33 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=JON_4:8!21|MId=o320040080212|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 35-37 מֵחַיָּֽי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 36 case _ Gloss=more|Ref=JON_4:8!22|MId=o320040080221|Strong=4480 36 חַיּ חַיִּים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 32 obl _ Gloss=than|Ref=JON_4:8!22|MId=o320040080222|Strong=2416 37 ָֽי הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 36 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my.life|Ref=JON_4:8!22|MId=o320040080223|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 38 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 37 punct _ Ref=JON_4:8!22 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | זְרֹחַ *as arose* | infinitive construct · qal | שֶּׁמֶשׁ *sun* | | | | | יְמַן *he appointed* | wayyiqtol · piel | אֱלֹהִים *God* | רוּחַ *a wind* | | | | תַּךְ *it struck* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | שֶּׁמֶשׁ *sun* | | | | | יִּתְעַלָּף *he became faint* | wayyiqtol · hithpael | יוֹנָה *of Jonah* | | | | | יִּשְׁאַל *he asked* | wayyiqtol · qal | יוֹנָה *of Jonah* | נַפְשׁ *life* | | | | מוּת *die* | infinitive construct · qal | יוֹנָה *of Jonah* | | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | יוֹנָה *of Jonah* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַהֲוָה כְּמַדְנַח שִׁמְשָׁא וְזַמֵין יְיָ רוּחַ קִדוּמָא שְׁתִיקָא וּטְפָחַת שִׁמְשָׁא עַל רֵישָׁא דְיוֹנָה וְאִשְׁתַּלְהִי וּשְׁאֵיל יַת נַפְשֵׁיהּ לְמֵימַת וַאֲמַר טַב דַאֲמוּת מִדְאֵיחֵי: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And it came to pass, when the sun arose, that God prepared a vehement east wind; and the sun beat upon the head of Jonah, that he fainted, and requested for himself that he might die, and said: 'It is better for me to die than to live.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JON.49/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JON:44`. - ← previous: [Jonah 4:7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JON.4.7/) - next →: [Jonah 4:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JON.4.9/) - ↑ back to [Jonah 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JON/4/)