--- title: Joshua 1:2 — 'Moses My servant is dead; now therefore arise, go over this Jordan,… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: 'Moses My servant is dead; now therefore arise, go over this Jordan, thou, and all this people, unto the land which I do give to them, even to the children of Israel. Who acts: servant, I. Joshua 1:2 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.1.2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/1/) / 1:2 # Joshua 1:2 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ **Who acts:** servant, I · **What happens:** be, arise, go, give · **To what, where:** Jordan, land, people This is Joshua 1:2 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — servant, I — and what happens in the verse to Jordan, land, people, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. מֹשֶׁ֥ה עַבְדִּ֖י מֵ֑ת וְעַתָּה֩ ק֨וּם עֲבֹ֜ר אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֣ן הַזֶּ֗ה אַתָּה֙ וְכָל־הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֔ה אֶל־הָאָ֕רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֧ר אָנֹכִ֛י נֹתֵ֥ן לָהֶ֖ם לִבְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ ['Moses My servant is dead; now therefore arise, go over this Jordan, thou, and all this people, unto the land which I do give to them, even to the children of Israel.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.1/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOS:1 # text = מֹשֶׁ֥ה עַבְדִּ֖י מֵ֑ת וְעַתָּה֩ ק֨וּם עֲבֹ֜ר אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֣ן הַזֶּ֗ה אַתָּה֙ וְכָל־הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֔ה אֶל־הָאָ֕רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֧ר אָנֹכִ֛י נֹתֵ֥ן לָהֶ֖ם לִבְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ # verse = JOS.1.2 1 מֹשֶׁ֥ה מֹשֶׁה PROPN _ _ 4 nsubj _ Gloss=Moses|Ref=JOS_1:2!1|MId=o060010020011|Strong=4872 2-3 עַבְדִּ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 עַבְדּ עֶבֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 1 appos _ Gloss=servant|Ref=JOS_1:2!2|MId=o060010020021|Strong=5650 3 ִ֖י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 2 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=JOS_1:2!2|MId=o060010020022|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 4 מֵ֑ת מוּת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.has.died|Ref=JOS_1:2!3|MId=o060010020031|Strong=4191|Frame=A0:060010020011;|Type=qatal 5-6 וְעַתָּה֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 6 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_1:2!4|MId=o060010020041|Strong=2050b 6 עַתָּה֩ עַתָּה ADV _ _ 4 advmod _ Gloss=therefore|Ref=JOS_1:2!4|MId=o060010020042|Strong=6258 7 ק֨וּם קוּם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 4 parataxis _ Gloss=arise|Ref=JOS_1:2!5|MId=o060010020051|Strong=6965|Frame=A0:060010010101;|Type=imperative 8 עֲבֹ֜ר עָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 4 parataxis _ Gloss=pass.over|Ref=JOS_1:2!6|MId=o060010020061|Strong=5674|Frame=A0:060010020101;060010020122;|Type=imperative 9 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOS_1:2!7|MId=o060010020071|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 10-11 הַיַּרְדֵּ֣ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 11 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_1:2!8|MId=o060010020081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 11 יַּרְדֵּ֣ן יַרְדֵּן PROPN _ _ 8 obl _ Gloss=Jordan|Ref=JOS_1:2!8|MId=o060010020082|Strong=3383 12-13 הַזֶּ֗ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 13 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JOS_1:2!9|MId=o060010020091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 13 זֶּ֗ה זֶה DET _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 11 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=JOS_1:2!9|MId=o060010020092|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 14 אַתָּה֙ אַתָּה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 8 nsubj _ Gloss=you|Ref=JOS_1:2!10|MId=o060010020101|Strong=0859|Type=personal 15-16 וְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_1:2!11|MId=o060010020111|Strong=2050b 16 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 conj _ Gloss=all|Ref=JOS_1:2!11|MId=o060010020112|Strong=3605 17-18 הָעָ֣ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 18 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_1:2!12|MId=o060010020121|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 18 עָ֣ם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 compound:smixut _ Gloss=people|Ref=JOS_1:2!12|MId=o060010020122|Strong=5971 19-20 הַזֶּ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 20 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JOS_1:2!13|MId=o060010020131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 20 זֶּ֔ה זֶה DET _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 18 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=JOS_1:2!13|MId=o060010020132|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 21 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=into|Ref=JOS_1:2!14|MId=o060010020141|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 22-23 הָאָ֕רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 23 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_1:2!15|MId=o060010020151|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 23 אָ֕רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 8 obl _ Gloss=land|Ref=JOS_1:2!15|MId=o060010020152|Strong=0776 24 אֲשֶׁ֧ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 26 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=JOS_1:2!16|MId=o060010020161|Strong=0834|Type=relative 25 אָנֹכִ֛י אָנֹכִי PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 26 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=JOS_1:2!17|MId=o060010020171|Strong=0595|Type=personal 26 נֹתֵ֥ן נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 23 acl:relcl _ Gloss=[am].about.to.give|Ref=JOS_1:2!18|MId=o060010020181|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:060010020171;A1:060010020152;|Type=participle_active 27-28 לָהֶ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 ל לְ ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_1:2!19|MId=o060010020191|Strong=3807a 28 ָהֶ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 26 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=JOS_1:2!19|MId=o060010020192|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 29-30 לִבְנֵ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_1:2!20|MId=o060010020201|Strong=3807a 30 בְנֵ֥י בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 28 nmod _ Gloss=the.people|Ref=JOS_1:2!20|MId=o060010020202|Strong=1121 31 יִשְׂרָאֵֽל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 30 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=JOS_1:2!21|MId=o060010020211|Strong=3478|SpaceAfter=No 32 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 31 punct _ Ref=JOS_1:2!21 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | מֵת *he has died* | qatal · qal | מֹשֶׁה *Moses* | | | | | קוּם *arise* | imperative · qal | | | | | | עֲבֹר *pass over* | imperative · qal | אַתָּה *you* + עָם *people* | | | | | נֹתֵן *\[am\] about to give* | participle active · qal | אָנֹכִי *I* | אָרֶץ *land* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} מֹשֶׁה עַבְדִי מִית וּכְעַן קוּם עִיבַּר יַת יַרְדְנָא הָדֵין אַתְּ וְכָל עַמָא הָדֵין לְאַרְעָא דַאֲנָא יְהִיב לְהוֹן לִבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. ['Moses My servant is dead; now therefore arise, go over this Jordan, thou, and all this people, unto the land which I do give to them, even to the children of Israel.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.1/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:1`. - ← previous: [Joshua 1:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.1.1/) - next →: [Joshua 1:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.1.3/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/1/)