--- title: Joshua 1:4 — From the wilderness, and this Lebanon, even unto the great river, th… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: From the wilderness, and this Lebanon, even unto the great river, the river Euphrates, all the land of the Hittites, and unto the Great Sea toward the going down of the sun, shall be your border. Joshua 1:4 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every cla --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.1.4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/1/) / 1:4 # Joshua 1:4 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ **What happens:** be · **To what, where:** border This is Joshua 1:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: what happens in the verse to border, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. מֵהַמִּדְבָּר֩ וְהַלְּבָנ֨וֹן הַזֶּ֜ה וְֽעַד־הַנָּהָ֧ר הַגָּד֣וֹל נְהַר־פְּרָ֗ת כֹּ֚ל אֶ֣רֶץ הַֽחִתִּ֔ים וְעַד־הַיָּ֥ם הַגָּד֖וֹל מְב֣וֹא הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ יִֽהְיֶ֖ה גְּבוּלְכֶֽם׃ [From the wilderness, and this Lebanon, even unto the great river, the river Euphrates, all the land of the Hittites, and unto the Great Sea toward the going down of the sun, shall be your border.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.3/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOS:3 # text = מֵהַמִּדְבָּר֩ וְהַלְּבָנ֨וֹן הַזֶּ֜ה וְֽעַד־הַנָּהָ֧ר הַגָּד֣וֹל נְהַר־פְּרָ֗ת כֹּ֚ל אֶ֣רֶץ הַֽחִתִּ֔ים וְעַד־הַיָּ֥ם הַגָּד֖וֹל מְב֣וֹא הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ יִֽהְיֶ֖ה גְּבוּלְכֶֽם׃ # verse = JOS.1.4 1-3 מֵהַמִּדְבָּר֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 3 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JOS_1:4!1|MId=o060010040011|Strong=4480 2 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 3 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_1:4!1|MId=o060010040012|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 3 מִּדְבָּר֩ מִדְבָּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=wilderness|Ref=JOS_1:4!1|MId=o060010040013|Strong=4057 4-6 וְהַלְּבָנ֨וֹן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 6 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_1:4!2|MId=o060010040021|Strong=2050b 5 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JOS_1:4!2|MId=o060010040022|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 לְּבָנ֨וֹן לְבָנוֹן PROPN _ _ 3 conj _ Gloss=Lebanon|Ref=JOS_1:4!2|MId=o060010040023|Strong=3844 7-8 הַזֶּ֜ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 8 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JOS_1:4!3|MId=o060010040031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 8 זֶּ֜ה זֶה DET _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 6 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=JOS_1:4!3|MId=o060010040032|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 9-10 וְֽעַד־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וְֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_1:4!4|MId=o060010040041|Strong=2050b 10 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_1:4!4|MId=o060010040042|Strong=5704 11-12 הַנָּהָ֧ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_1:4!5|MId=o060010040051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 12 נָּהָ֧ר נָהָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 conj _ Gloss=river|Ref=JOS_1:4!5|MId=o060010040052|Strong=5104 13-14 הַגָּד֣וֹל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 14 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JOS_1:4!6|MId=o060010040061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 14 גָּד֣וֹל גָּדוֹל ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 amod _ Gloss=great|Ref=JOS_1:4!6|MId=o060010040062|Strong=1419|Type=adjective 15 נְהַר־ נָהָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 appos _ Gloss=the.river|Ref=JOS_1:4!7|MId=o060010040071|Strong=5104|SpaceAfter=No 16 פְּרָ֗ת פְּרָת PROPN _ _ 15 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Euphrates|Ref=JOS_1:4!8|MId=o060010040081|Strong=6578 17 כֹּ֚ל כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 parataxis _ Gloss=all|Ref=JOS_1:4!9|MId=o060010040091|Strong=3605 18 אֶ֣רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 17 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.land|Ref=JOS_1:4!10|MId=o060010040101|Strong=0776 19-20 הַֽחִתִּ֔ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 הַֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 20 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JOS_1:4!11|MId=o060010040111|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 20 חִתִּ֔ים חִתִּי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 18 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.Hittites|Ref=JOS_1:4!11|MId=o060010040112|Strong=2850|Type=gentilic 21-22 וְעַד־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_1:4!12|MId=o060010040121|Strong=2050b 22 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_1:4!12|MId=o060010040122|Strong=5704 23-24 הַיָּ֥ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 24 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_1:4!13|MId=o060010040131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 24 יָּ֥ם יָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 conj _ Gloss=sea|Ref=JOS_1:4!13|MId=o060010040132|Strong=3220 25-26 הַגָּד֖וֹל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 26 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JOS_1:4!14|MId=o060010040141|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 26 גָּד֖וֹל גָּדוֹל ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 24 amod _ Gloss=great|Ref=JOS_1:4!14|MId=o060010040142|Strong=1419|Type=adjective 27 מְב֣וֹא מָבוֹא NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 24 appos _ Gloss=the.setting|Ref=JOS_1:4!15|MId=o060010040151|Strong=3996 28-29 הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 29 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JOS_1:4!16|MId=o060010040161|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 29 שָּׁ֑מֶשׁ שֶׁמֶשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 27 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.sun|Ref=JOS_1:4!16|MId=o060010040162|Strong=8121 30 יִֽהְיֶ֖ה הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 24 cop _ Gloss=it.will.be|Ref=JOS_1:4!17|MId=o060010040171|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:060010040181;|Type=yiqtol 31-32 גְּבוּלְכֶֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 גְּבוּל גְּבוּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 24 nsubj _ Gloss=territory|Ref=JOS_1:4!18|MId=o060010040181|Strong=1366 32 ְכֶֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 31 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=JOS_1:4!18|MId=o060010040182|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 33 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 32 punct _ Ref=JOS_1:4!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִֽהְיֶה *it will be* | yiqtol · qal | גְּבוּל *territory* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} מִמַדְבְּרָא וּלְבָנוֹנָא הָדֵין וְעַד נַהֲרָא רַבָּא נַהֲרָא דִפְרָת כֹּל אַרַע חִתָּאֵי וְעַד יַמָא רַבָּא מַעֲלָנֵי שִׁמְשָׁא יְהֵא תְחוּמְכוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [From the wilderness, and this Lebanon, even unto the great river, the river Euphrates, all the land of the Hittites, and unto the Great Sea toward the going down of the sun, shall be your border.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.3/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:3`. - ← previous: [Joshua 1:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.1.3/) - next →: [Joshua 1:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.1.5/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/1/)