--- title: Joshua 1:9 — Have not I commanded thee? Be strong and of good courage; be not aff… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Have not I commanded thee? Be strong and of good courage; be not affrighted, neither be thou dismayed: for the LORD thy God is with thee whithersoever thou goest.' Who acts: I, you, LORD, thou. Joshua 1:9 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every claus --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.1.9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/1/) / 1:9 # Joshua 1:9 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ **Who acts:** I, you, LORD, thou · **What happens:** not command, be, not be, dismay, go · **To what, where:** thee, thou · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Joshua 1:9 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, you, LORD, thou — and what happens in the verse to thee, thou, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. הֲל֤וֹא צִוִּיתִ֙יךָ֙ חֲזַ֣ק וֶאֱמָ֔ץ אַֽל־תַּעֲרֹ֖ץ וְאַל־תֵּחָ֑ת כִּ֤י עִמְּךָ֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ בְּכֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר תֵּלֵֽךְ׃פ [Have not I commanded thee?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.8/) [Be strong and of good courage; be not affrighted, neither be thou dismayed: for the LORD thy God is with thee whithersoever thou goest.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.9/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOS:8 # text = הֲל֤וֹא צִוִּיתִ֙יךָ֙ חֲזַ֣ק וֶאֱמָ֔ץ אַֽל־תַּעֲרֹ֖ץ וְאַל־תֵּחָ֑ת כִּ֤י עִמְּךָ֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ בְּכֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר תֵּלֵֽךְ׃פ # verse = JOS.1.9 1-2 הֲל֤וֹא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 הֲ הֲ PART _ _ 3 advmod _ Gloss=?|Ref=JOS_1:9!1|MId=o060010090011|Strong=1886b|Type=interrogative 2 ל֤וֹא לֹא ADV _ _ 3 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=JOS_1:9!1|MId=o060010090012|Strong=3808|Type=negative 3-4 צִוִּיתִ֙יךָ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 צִוִּיתִ֙י צָוָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=have|Ref=JOS_1:9!2|MId=o060010090021|Strong=6680|Frame=A0:060010010081;A1:060010090022;|Type=qatal 4 ךָ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 3 obj _ Gloss=I.commanded.you|Ref=JOS_1:9!2|MId=o060010090022|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 5 חֲזַ֣ק חָזַק VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 3 ccomp _ Gloss=be.strong|Ref=JOS_1:9!3|MId=o060010090031|Strong=2388|Frame=A0:060010010101;|Type=imperative 6-7 וֶאֱמָ֔ץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 וֶ וְ CCONJ _ _ 7 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_1:9!4|MId=o060010090041|Strong=2050b 7 אֱמָ֔ץ אָמֵץ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 5 conj _ Gloss=be.bold|Ref=JOS_1:9!4|MId=o060010090042|Strong=0553|Frame=A0:060010010101;|Type=imperative 8 אַֽל־ אַל ADV _ _ 9 advmod _ Gloss=do.not|Ref=JOS_1:9!5|MId=o060010090051|Strong=0408|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 9 תַּעֲרֹ֖ץ עָרַץ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 5 parataxis _ Gloss=be.terrified|Ref=JOS_1:9!6|MId=o060010090061|Strong=6206|Frame=A0:060010010101;|Type=jussive 10-11 וְאַל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_1:9!7|MId=o060010090071|Strong=2050b 11 אַל־ אַל ADV _ _ 12 advmod _ Gloss=do.not|Ref=JOS_1:9!7|MId=o060010090072|Strong=0408|Type=negative 12 תֵּחָ֑ת חָתַת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 9 conj _ Gloss=be.dismayed|Ref=JOS_1:9!8|MId=o060010090081|Strong=2865|Frame=A0:060010010101;|Type=jussive 13 כִּ֤י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 15 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=JOS_1:9!9|MId=o060010090091|Strong=3588 14-15 עִמְּךָ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 עִמּ עִם ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=[is].with|Ref=JOS_1:9!10|MId=o060010090101|Strong=5973 15 ְךָ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 5 advcl _ Gloss=you|Ref=JOS_1:9!10|MId=o060010090102|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 16 יְהוָ֣ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 15 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=JOS_1:9!11|MId=o060010090111|Strong=3068 17-18 אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 אֱלֹהֶ֔י אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 16 appos _ Gloss=God|Ref=JOS_1:9!12|MId=o060010090121|Strong=0430 18 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 17 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=JOS_1:9!12|MId=o060010090122|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 19-20 בְּכֹ֖ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JOS_1:9!13|MId=o060010090131|Strong=0871a 20 כֹ֖ל כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 obl _ Gloss=every|Ref=JOS_1:9!13|MId=o060010090132|Strong=3605 21 אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 22 mark _ Gloss=where|Ref=JOS_1:9!14|MId=o060010090141|Strong=0834|Type=relative 22 תֵּלֵֽךְ הלך VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 20 acl:relcl _ Gloss=you.will.go|Ref=JOS_1:9!15|MId=o060010090151|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:060010010101;|Type=yiqtol|SpaceAfter=No 23 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 22 punct _ Ref=JOS_1:9!15|SpaceAfter=No 24 פ פ PUNCT _ _ 22 punct _ Ref=JOS_1:9!15 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · assert · neg | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **not** צִוִּיתִי *have* | qatal · piel | | ךָ *I commanded you* | | | | חֲזַק *be strong* | imperative · qal | | | | | | אֱמָץ *be bold* | imperative · qal | | | | | | **not** תַּעֲרֹץ *be terrified* | jussive · qal | | | | | | **not** תֵּחָת *be dismayed* | jussive · niphal | | | | | | תֵּלֵֽךְ *you will go* | yiqtol · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} הֲלָא פַקֵידְתָּךְ תְּקֵף וֶעְלֵם לָא תִדְחַל וְלָא תִתְּבַר אֲרֵי בְּסַעֲדָךְ מֵימְרָא דַייָ אֱלָהָךְ בְּכָל אֲתַר דִתְהָךְ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Have not I commanded thee?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.8/) 2. [Be strong and of good courage; be not affrighted, neither be thou dismayed: for the LORD thy God is with thee whithersoever thou goest.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.9/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:8`. - ← previous: [Joshua 1:8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.1.8/) - next →: [Joshua 1:10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.1.10/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/1/)