--- title: Joshua 10:10 — And the LORD discomfited them before Israel, and slew them with a gr… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the LORD discomfited them before Israel, and slew them with a great slaughter at Gibeon; and they chased them by the way of the ascent of Beth-horon, and smote them to Azekah, and unto Makkedah. Who acts: LORD, men. Joshua 10:10 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and t --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/10/) / 10:10 # Joshua 10:10 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ **Who acts:** LORD, men · **What happens:** discomfit, slay, chase, smote · **To what, where:** men, hands, Azekah This is Joshua 10:10 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — LORD, men — and what happens in the verse to men, hands, Azekah, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיְהֻמֵּ֤ם יְהוָה֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיַּכֵּ֥ם מַכָּֽה־גְדוֹלָ֖ה בְּגִבְע֑וֹן וַֽיִּרְדְּפֵ֗ם דֶּ֚רֶךְ מַעֲלֵ֣ה בֵית־חוֹרֹ֔ןבֵית־חוֹרֹ֔ן וַיַּכֵּ֥ם עַד־עֲזֵקָ֖ה וְעַד־מַקֵּדָֽה׃ [And the LORD discomfited them before Israel, and slew them with a great slaughter at Gibeon; and they chased them by the way of the ascent of Beth-horon, and smote them to Azekah, and unto Makkedah.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.230/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOS:222 # text = וַיְהֻמֵּ֤ם יְהוָה֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיַּכֵּ֥ם מַכָּֽה־גְדוֹלָ֖ה בְּגִבְע֑וֹן וַֽיִּרְדְּפֵ֗ם דֶּ֚רֶךְ מַעֲלֵ֣ה בֵית־חוֹרֹ֔ןבֵית־חוֹרֹ֔ן וַיַּכֵּ֥ם עַד־עֲזֵקָ֖ה וְעַד־מַקֵּדָֽה׃ # verse = JOS.10.10 1-3 וַיְהֻמֵּ֤ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_10:10!1|MId=o060100100011|Strong=2050b 2 יְהֻמּ הָמַם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he|Ref=JOS_10:10!1|MId=o060100100012|Strong=2000|Frame=A1:060100100013;A0:060100100021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 ֵ֤ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 obj _ Gloss=confused.them|Ref=JOS_10:10!1|MId=o060100100013|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 4 יְהוָה֙ יהוה PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=JOS_10:10!2|MId=o060100100021|Strong=3068 5-6 לִפְנֵ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=JOS_10:10!3|MId=o060100100031|Strong=3807a 6 פְנֵ֣י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 2 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=JOS_10:10!3|MId=o060100100032|Strong=6440 7 יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=JOS_10:10!4|MId=o060100100041|Strong=3478 8-10 וַיַּכֵּ֥ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_10:10!5|MId=o060100100051|Strong=2050b 9 יַּכּ נָכָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he|Ref=JOS_10:10!5|MId=o060100100052|Strong=5221|Frame=AA:060100100021;A0:060100100053;|Type=wayyiqtol 10 ֵ֥ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 obj _ Gloss=defeated.them|Ref=JOS_10:10!5|MId=o060100100053|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 11 מַכָּֽה־ מַכָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 9 obl _ Gloss=a.defeat|Ref=JOS_10:10!6|MId=o060100100061|Strong=4347|SpaceAfter=No 12 גְדוֹלָ֖ה גָּדוֹל ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 11 amod _ Gloss=great|Ref=JOS_10:10!7|MId=o060100100071|Strong=1419|Type=adjective 13-14 בְּגִבְע֑וֹן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=at|Ref=JOS_10:10!8|MId=o060100100081|Strong=0871a 14 גִבְע֑וֹן גִּבְעוֹן PROPN _ _ 9 obl _ Gloss=Gibeon|Ref=JOS_10:10!8|MId=o060100100082|Strong=1391 15-17 וַֽיִּרְדְּפֵ֗ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_10:10!9|MId=o060100100091|Strong=2050b 16 יִּרְדְּפ רָדַף VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he|Ref=JOS_10:10!9|MId=o060100100092|Strong=7291|Frame=A0:060100100021;A1:060100100093;|Type=wayyiqtol 17 ֵ֗ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 obj _ Gloss=pursued.them|Ref=JOS_10:10!9|MId=o060100100093|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 18 דֶּ֚רֶךְ דֶּרֶךְ NOUN _ Number=Sing 16 obl _ Gloss=the.direction|Ref=JOS_10:10!10|MId=o060100100101|Strong=1870 19 מַעֲלֵ֣ה מַעֲלָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 18 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.the.ascent|Ref=JOS_10:10!11|MId=o060100100111|Strong=4608 20-21 בֵית־חוֹרֹ֔ןבֵית־חוֹרֹ֔ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 בֵית־חוֹרֹ֔ן בֵּית־חֹורֹון PROPN _ _ 19 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of|Ref=JOS_10:10!12|MId=o060100100121 21 בֵית־חוֹרֹ֔ן בֵּית־חוֹרֹן PROPN _ _ 19 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Beth.Horon|Ref=JOS_10:10!13|MId=o060100100131 22-24 וַיַּכֵּ֥ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_10:10!14|MId=o060100100141|Strong=2050b 23 יַּכּ נָכָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he|Ref=JOS_10:10!14|MId=o060100100142|Strong=5221|Frame=AA:060100100021;A0:060100100133;|Type=wayyiqtol 24 ֵ֥ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 obj _ Gloss=defeated.them|Ref=JOS_10:10!14|MId=o060100100143|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 25 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_10:10!15|MId=o060100100151|Strong=5704|SpaceAfter=No 26 עֲזֵקָ֖ה עֲזֵקָה PROPN _ _ 23 obl _ Gloss=Azekah|Ref=JOS_10:10!16|MId=o060100100161|Strong=5825 27-28 וְעַד־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_10:10!17|MId=o060100100171|Strong=2050b 28 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_10:10!17|MId=o060100100172|Strong=5704 29 מַקֵּדָֽה מַקֵּדָה PROPN _ _ 26 conj _ Gloss=Makkedah|Ref=JOS_10:10!18|MId=o060100100181|Strong=4719|SpaceAfter=No 30 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 29 punct _ Ref=JOS_10:10!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יְהֻמּ *he* | wayyiqtol · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | ֵם *confused them* | | | | יַּכּ *he* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | ֵם *defeated them* | | | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | יִּרְדְּפ *he* | wayyiqtol · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | ֵם *pursued them* | | | | יַּכּ *he* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | | | | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְתַבְּרִינוּן יְיָ קֳדָם יִשְׂרָאֵל וּמְחָנוּן מַחֲתָא רַבָּא בְּגִבְעוֹן וּרְדָפוּנוּן בְּאוֹרַח מַסְקְנָא דְבֵית חוֹרוֹן וּמְחָנוּן עַד עֲזֵקָה וְעַד מַקֵדָה: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the LORD discomfited them before Israel, and slew them with a great slaughter at Gibeon; and they chased them by the way of the ascent of Beth-horon, and smote them to Azekah, and unto Makkedah.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.230/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:222`. - ← previous: [Joshua 10:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.9/) - next →: [Joshua 10:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.11/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/10/)