--- title: Joshua 10:11 — And it came to pass, as they fled from before Israel, while they wer… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And it came to pass, as they fled from before Israel, while they were at the descent of Beth-horon, that the LORD cast down great stones from heaven upon them unto Azekah, and they died; they were more who died with the hailstones than they whom the children of Israel slew with the sword. Who acts: --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/10/) / 10:11 # Joshua 10:11 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ **Who acts:** way, men, LORD, children · **What happens:** come, pass, flee, be, cast down, die · **To what, where:** Israel, descent, great stones, heaven This is Joshua 10:11 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — way, men, LORD, children — and what happens in the verse to Israel, descent, great stones, heaven, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיְהִ֞י בְּנֻסָ֣ם ׀ מִפְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל הֵ֞ם בְּמוֹרַ֤ד בֵּית־חוֹרֹן֙בֵּית־חוֹרֹן֙ וַֽיהוָ֡ה הִשְׁלִ֣יךְ עֲלֵיהֶם֩ אֲבָנִ֨ים גְּדֹל֧וֹת מִן־הַשָּׁמַ֛יִם עַד־עֲזֵקָ֖ה וַיָּמֻ֑תוּ רַבִּ֗ים אֲשֶׁר־מֵ֙תוּ֙ בְּאַבְנֵ֣י הַבָּרָ֔ד מֵאֲשֶׁ֥ר הָרְג֛וּ בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בֶּחָֽרֶב׃ס [And it came to pass, as they fled from before Israel, while they were at the descent of Beth-horon, that the LORD cast down great stones from heaven upon them unto Azekah, and they died; they were more who died with the hailstones than they whom the children of Israel slew with the sword.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.231/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOS:223 # text = וַיְהִ֞י בְּנֻסָ֣ם ׀ מִפְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל הֵ֞ם בְּמוֹרַ֤ד בֵּית־חוֹרֹן֙בֵּית־חוֹרֹן֙ וַֽיהוָ֡ה הִשְׁלִ֣יךְ עֲלֵיהֶם֩ אֲבָנִ֨ים גְּדֹל֧וֹת מִן־הַשָּׁמַ֛יִם עַד־עֲזֵקָ֖ה וַיָּמֻ֑תוּ רַבִּ֗ים אֲשֶׁר־מֵ֙תוּ֙ בְּאַבְנֵ֣י הַבָּרָ֔ד מֵאֲשֶׁ֥ר הָרְג֛וּ בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בֶּחָֽרֶב׃ס # verse = JOS.10.11 1-2 וַיְהִ֞י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_10:11!1|MId=o060100110011|Strong=2050b 2 יְהִ֞י הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.was|Ref=JOS_10:11!1|MId=o060100110012|Strong=1961|Type=wayyiqtol 3-5 בְּנֻסָ֣ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=when|Ref=JOS_10:11!2|MId=o060100110021|Strong=0871a 4 נֻס נוּס VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 2 advcl _ Gloss=fled|Ref=JOS_10:11!2|MId=o060100110022|Strong=5127|Frame=A0:060100110023;|Type=infinitive_construct 5 ָ֣ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 nsubj _ Gloss=they|Ref=JOS_10:11!2|MId=o060100110023|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 6 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 5 punct _ Ref=JOS_10:11!2 7-8 מִפְּנֵ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JOS_10:11!3|MId=o060100110031|Strong=4480 8 פְּנֵ֣י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 4 obl _ Gloss=before|Ref=JOS_10:11!3|MId=o060100110032|Strong=6440 9 יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=JOS_10:11!4|MId=o060100110041|Strong=3478 10 הֵ֞ם הֵם PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 nsubj _ Gloss=they|Ref=JOS_10:11!5|MId=o060100110051|Strong=1992|Type=personal 11-12 בְּמוֹרַ֤ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=[were].at|Ref=JOS_10:11!6|MId=o060100110061|Strong=0871a 12 מוֹרַ֤ד מוֹרָד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 parataxis _ Gloss=the.descent|Ref=JOS_10:11!6|MId=o060100110062|Strong=4174 13-14 בֵּית־חוֹרֹן֙בֵּית־חוֹרֹן֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 בֵּית־חוֹרֹן֙ בֵּית־חֹורֹון PROPN _ _ 12 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of|Ref=JOS_10:11!7|MId=o060100110071 14 בֵּית־חוֹרֹן֙ בֵּית־חוֹרֹן PROPN _ _ 12 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Beth.Horon|Ref=JOS_10:11!8|MId=o060100110081 15-16 וַֽיהוָ֡ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_10:11!9|MId=o060100110091|Strong=2050b 16 יהוָ֡ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 17 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=JOS_10:11!9|MId=o060100110092|Strong=3068 17 הִשְׁלִ֣יךְ שָׁלַךְ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.threw|Ref=JOS_10:11!10|MId=o060100110101|Strong=7993|Frame=AA:060100110082;A0:060100110111;|Type=qatal 18-19 עֲלֵיהֶם֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 עֲלֵי עַל ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JOS_10:11!11|MId=o060100110111|Strong=5921 19 הֶם֩ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=JOS_10:11!11|MId=o060100110112|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 20 אֲבָנִ֨ים אֶבֶן NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 17 obj _ Gloss=stones|Ref=JOS_10:11!12|MId=o060100110121|Strong=0068 21 גְּדֹל֧וֹת גָּדוֹל ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 20 amod _ Gloss=large|Ref=JOS_10:11!13|MId=o060100110131|Strong=1419|Type=adjective 22 מִן־ מִן ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JOS_10:11!14|MId=o060100110141|Strong=4480|SpaceAfter=No 23-24 הַשָּׁמַ֛יִם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 24 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_10:11!15|MId=o060100110151|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 24 שָּׁמַ֛יִם שָׁמַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 17 obl _ Gloss=heavens|Ref=JOS_10:11!15|MId=o060100110152|Strong=8064 25 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_10:11!16|MId=o060100110161|Strong=5704|SpaceAfter=No 26 עֲזֵקָ֖ה עֲזֵקָה PROPN _ _ 17 obl _ Gloss=Azekah|Ref=JOS_10:11!17|MId=o060100110171|Strong=5825 27-28 וַיָּמֻ֑תוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 28 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_10:11!18|MId=o060100110181|Strong=2050b 28 יָּמֻ֑תוּ מוּת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.died|Ref=JOS_10:11!18|MId=o060100110182|Strong=4191|Frame=A0:060100050041;060100050181;|Type=wayyiqtol 29 רַבִּ֗ים רַב ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 parataxis _ Gloss=[were].many|Ref=JOS_10:11!19|MId=o060100110191|Strong=7227|Type=adjective 30 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 31 mark _ Gloss=[those].who|Ref=JOS_10:11!20|MId=o060100110201|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 31 מֵ֙תוּ֙ מוּת VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 29 acl:relcl _ Gloss=they.died|Ref=JOS_10:11!21|MId=o060100110211|Strong=4191|Frame=A0:;|Type=qatal 32-33 בְּאַבְנֵ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 33 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=JOS_10:11!22|MId=o060100110221|Strong=0871a 33 אַבְנֵ֣י אֶבֶן NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 31 obl _ Gloss=the.stones|Ref=JOS_10:11!22|MId=o060100110222|Strong=0068 34-35 הַבָּרָ֔ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 35 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JOS_10:11!23|MId=o060100110231|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 35 בָּרָ֔ד בָּרָד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 33 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.hail|Ref=JOS_10:11!23|MId=o060100110232|Strong=1259 36-37 מֵאֲשֶׁ֥ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 29 obl _ Gloss=more|Ref=JOS_10:11!24|MId=o060100110241|Strong=4480 37 אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 38 mark _ Gloss=than.[those].whom|Ref=JOS_10:11!24|MId=o060100110242|Strong=0834|Type=relative 38 הָרְג֛וּ הָרַג VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 36 acl:relcl _ Gloss=they.killed|Ref=JOS_10:11!25|MId=o060100110251|Strong=2026|Frame=A0:060100110251;|Type=qatal 39 בְּנֵ֥י בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 38 nsubj _ Gloss=the.people|Ref=JOS_10:11!26|MId=o060100110261|Strong=1121 40 יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 39 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=JOS_10:11!27|MId=o060100110271|Strong=3478 41-43 בֶּחָֽרֶב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 בֶּ בְּ ADP _ _ 43 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=JOS_10:11!28|MId=o060100110281|Strong=0871a 42 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 43 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_10:11!28|MId=o060100110281ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 43 חָֽרֶב חֶרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 38 obl _ Gloss=sword|Ref=JOS_10:11!28|MId=o060100110282|Strong=2719 44 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 43 punct _ Ref=JOS_10:11!28|SpaceAfter=No 45 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 43 punct _ Ref=JOS_10:11!28 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | נֻס *fled* | infinitive construct · qal | ָם *they* | | | | | הִשְׁלִיךְ *he threw* | qatal · hiphil | עֲלֵי *on* | | | | | יָּמֻתוּ *they died* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | מֵתוּ *they died* | qatal · qal | | | | | | הָרְגוּ *they killed* | qatal · qal | הָרְגוּ *they killed* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַהֲוָה בְּמִפְּכֵיהוֹן מִן קֳדָם יִשְׂרָאֵל אִינוּן בְּמַחְתָנָא דְבֵית חוֹרוֹן וּמִן קֳדָם יְיָ אִתְרְמִיאָה עֲלֵיהוֹן אַבְנִין רַבְרְבָן מִן שְׁמַיָא עַד דַאֲתוֹ לַעֲזֵקָה וּמִיתוּ סַגִיאִין דְמִיתוּ בְּאַבְנֵי בַרְדָא מִדְקַטוּלוּ בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּחַרְבָּא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And it came to pass, as they fled from before Israel, while they were at the descent of Beth-horon, that the LORD cast down great stones from heaven upon them unto Azekah, and they died; they were more who died with the hailstones than they whom the children of Israel slew with the sword.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.231/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:223`. - ← previous: [Joshua 10:10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.10/) - next →: [Joshua 10:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.12/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/10/)