--- title: Joshua 10:13 — And the sun stood still, and the moon stayed, until the nation had a… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the sun stood still, and the moon stayed, until the nation had avenged themselves of their enemies. Is not this written in the book of Jashar? And the sun stayed in the midst of heaven, and hasted not to go down about a whole day. Who acts: sun, moon, nation. Joshua 10:13 in Hebrew with its depe --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/10/) / 10:13 # Joshua 10:13 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ **Who acts:** sun, moon, nation · **What happens:** stand, stay, avenge, not write, not haste, go down · **To what, where:** Amorites, this, book, midst This is Joshua 10:13 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — sun, moon, nation — and what happens in the verse to Amorites, this, book, midst, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּדֹּ֨ם הַשֶּׁ֜מֶשׁ וְיָרֵ֣חַ עָמָ֗ד עַד־יִקֹּ֥ם גּוֹי֙ אֹֽיְבָ֔יו הֲלֹא־הִ֥יא כְתוּבָ֖ה עַל־סֵ֣פֶר הַיָּשָׁ֑ר וַיַּעֲמֹ֤ד הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ בַּחֲצִ֣י הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וְלֹא־אָ֥ץ לָב֖וֹא כְּי֥וֹם תָּמִֽים׃ [And the sun stood still, and the moon stayed, until the nation had avenged themselves of their enemies.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.233/) [Is not this written in the book of Jashar?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.234/) [And the sun stayed in the midst of heaven, and hasted not to go down about a whole day.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.235/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOS:225 # text = וַיִּדֹּ֨ם הַשֶּׁ֜מֶשׁ וְיָרֵ֣חַ עָמָ֗ד עַד־יִקֹּ֥ם גּוֹי֙ אֹֽיְבָ֔יו הֲלֹא־הִ֥יא כְתוּבָ֖ה עַל־סֵ֣פֶר הַיָּשָׁ֑ר וַיַּעֲמֹ֤ד הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ בַּחֲצִ֣י הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וְלֹא־אָ֥ץ לָב֖וֹא כְּי֥וֹם תָּמִֽים׃ # verse = JOS.10.13 1-2 וַיִּדֹּ֨ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_10:13!1|MId=o060100130011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּדֹּ֨ם דָּמַם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.was.still|Ref=JOS_10:13!1|MId=o060100130012|Strong=1826|Frame=A0:060100130022;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 הַשֶּׁ֜מֶשׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_10:13!2|MId=o060100130021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 שֶּׁ֜מֶשׁ שֶׁמֶשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=sun|Ref=JOS_10:13!2|MId=o060100130022|Strong=8121 5-6 וְיָרֵ֣חַ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 7 cc _ Gloss=and.[the]|Ref=JOS_10:13!3|MId=o060100130031|Strong=2050b 6 יָרֵ֣חַ יָרֵחַ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ Gloss=moon|Ref=JOS_10:13!3|MId=o060100130032|Strong=3394 7 עָמָ֗ד עָמַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.stood.still|Ref=JOS_10:13!4|MId=o060100130041|Strong=5975|Frame=A0:060100130032;|Type=qatal 8 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=until|Ref=JOS_10:13!5|MId=o060100130051|Strong=5704|SpaceAfter=No 9 יִקֹּ֥ם נָקַם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=it.avenged.itself.on|Ref=JOS_10:13!6|MId=o060100130061|Strong=5358|Frame=A0:060100130071;A1:060100130081;|Type=yiqtol 10 גּוֹי֙ גּוֹי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 nsubj _ Gloss=[the].nation|Ref=JOS_10:13!7|MId=o060100130071|Strong=1471 11-12 אֹֽיְבָ֔יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 אֹֽיְבָ֔י אָיַב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 9 obj _ Gloss=enemies|Ref=JOS_10:13!8|MId=o060100130081|Strong=0341|Type=participle_active 12 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=JOS_10:13!8|MId=o060100130082|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 13-14 הֲלֹא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 הֲ הֲ PART _ _ 16 advmod _ Gloss=?|Ref=JOS_10:13!9|MId=o060100130091|Strong=1886b|Type=interrogative 14 לֹא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 16 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=JOS_10:13!9|MId=o060100130092|Strong=3808|Type=negative 15 הִ֥יא הִיא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 nsubj _ Gloss=[is].it|Ref=JOS_10:13!10|MId=o060100130101|Strong=1931a|Type=personal 16 כְתוּבָ֖ה כָּתַב VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 2 parataxis _ Gloss=written|Ref=JOS_10:13!11|MId=o060100130111|Strong=3789|Frame=A1:060100130101;|Type=participle_passive 17 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JOS_10:13!12|MId=o060100130121|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 18 סֵ֣פֶר סֵפֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 obl _ Gloss=the.scroll|Ref=JOS_10:13!13|MId=o060100130131|Strong=5612 19-20 הַיָּשָׁ֑ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 20 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JOS_10:13!14|MId=o060100130141|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 20 יָּשָׁ֑ר יָשָׁר ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.upright.[one]|Ref=JOS_10:13!14|MId=o060100130142|Strong=3477a|Type=adjective 21-22 וַיַּעֲמֹ֤ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_10:13!15|MId=o060100130151|Strong=2050b 22 יַּעֲמֹ֤ד עָמַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.stood.still|Ref=JOS_10:13!15|MId=o060100130152|Strong=5975|Frame=A0:060100130162;|Type=wayyiqtol 23-24 הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 24 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_10:13!16|MId=o060100130161|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 24 שֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ שֶׁמֶשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 22 nsubj _ Gloss=sun|Ref=JOS_10:13!16|MId=o060100130162|Strong=8121 25-26 בַּחֲצִ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JOS_10:13!17|MId=o060100130171|Strong=0871a 26 חֲצִ֣י חֲצִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 obl _ Gloss=the.middle|Ref=JOS_10:13!17|MId=o060100130172|Strong=2677 27-28 הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 28 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JOS_10:13!18|MId=o060100130181|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 28 שָּׁמַ֔יִם שָׁמַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 26 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.heavens|Ref=JOS_10:13!18|MId=o060100130182|Strong=8064 29-30 וְלֹא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 31 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_10:13!19|MId=o060100130191|Strong=2050b 30 לֹא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 31 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=JOS_10:13!19|MId=o060100130192|Strong=3808|Type=negative 31 אָ֥ץ אוּץ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.hastened|Ref=JOS_10:13!20|MId=o060100130201|Strong=0213|Frame=A0:060100130162;|Type=qatal 32-33 לָב֖וֹא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 33 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_10:13!21|MId=o060100130211|Strong=3807a 33 ב֖וֹא בּוֹא VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 31 advcl _ Gloss=go|Ref=JOS_10:13!21|MId=o060100130212|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:060100130162;|Type=infinitive_construct 34-35 כְּי֥וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 כְּ כְּ ADP _ _ 35 case _ Gloss=about|Ref=JOS_10:13!22|MId=o060100130221|Strong=3509a 35 י֥וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 31 obl _ Gloss=a.day|Ref=JOS_10:13!22|MId=o060100130222|Strong=3117 36 תָּמִֽים תָּמִים ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 35 amod _ Gloss=complete|Ref=JOS_10:13!23|MId=o060100130231|Strong=8549|Type=adjective|SpaceAfter=No 37 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 36 punct _ Ref=JOS_10:13!23 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּדֹּם *it was still* | wayyiqtol · qal | שֶּׁמֶשׁ *sun* | | | | | עָמָד *it stood still* | qatal · qal | יָרֵחַ *moon* | | | | | יִקֹּם *it avenged itself on* | yiqtol · qal | גּוֹי *\[the\] nation* | אֹֽיְבָי *enemies* | | | | **not** כְתוּבָה *written* | participle passive · qal | | הִיא *\[is\] it* | | | | יַּעֲמֹד *it stood still* | wayyiqtol · qal | שֶּׁמֶשׁ *sun* | | | | | **not** אָץ *it hastened* | qatal · qal | שֶּׁמֶשׁ *sun* | | | | | בוֹא *go* | infinitive construct · qal | שֶּׁמֶשׁ *sun* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְאוֹרְיַךְ שִׁמְשָׁא וְסִיהֲרָה קָם עַד דְאִתְפְּרַע עַמָא יִשְׂרָאֵל מִבַּעֲלֵי דְבָבֵיהוֹן הֲלָא הִיא כְתִיבָא עַל סִפְרָא דְאוֹרַיְיתָא וְקָם שִׁמְשָׁא בְּפַלְגוּת שְׁמַיָא וְלָא דָחַק לְמֵיעַל כְּיוֹם שְׁלִים: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the sun stood still, and the moon stayed, until the nation had avenged themselves of their enemies.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.233/) 2. [Is not this written in the book of Jashar?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.234/) 3. [And the sun stayed in the midst of heaven, and hasted not to go down about a whole day.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.235/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:225`. - ← previous: [Joshua 10:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.12/) - next →: [Joshua 10:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.14/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/10/)