--- title: Joshua 10:17 — And it was told Joshua, saying: 'The five kings are found, hidden in… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And it was told Joshua, saying: 'The five kings are found, hidden in the cave at Makkedah.' Joshua 10:17 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.17/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/10/) / 10:17 # Joshua 10:17 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ **What happens:** tell, say, find, hide · **To what, where:** cave, Joshua, five kings · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Joshua 10:17 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: what happens in the verse to cave, Joshua, five kings, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֻּגַּ֖ד לִיהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ לֵאמֹ֑ר נִמְצְאוּ֙ חֲמֵ֣שֶׁת הַמְּלָכִ֔ים נֶחְבְּאִ֥ים בַּמְּעָרָ֖ה בְּמַקֵּדָֽה׃ [And it was told Joshua, saying: 'The five kings are found, hidden in the cave at Makkedah.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.239/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOS:229 # text = וַיֻּגַּ֖ד לִיהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ לֵאמֹ֑ר נִמְצְאוּ֙ חֲמֵ֣שֶׁת הַמְּלָכִ֔ים נֶחְבְּאִ֥ים בַּמְּעָרָ֖ה בְּמַקֵּדָֽה׃ # verse = JOS.10.17 1-2 וַיֻּגַּ֖ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_10:17!1|MId=o060100170011|Strong=2050b 2 יֻּגַּ֖ד נָגַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HOPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.was.told|Ref=JOS_10:17!1|MId=o060100170012|Strong=5046|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 לִיהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_10:17!2|MId=o060100170021|Strong=3807a 4 יהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ יְהֹושֻׁעַ PROPN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=Joshua|Ref=JOS_10:17!2|MId=o060100170022|Strong=3091 5-6 לֵאמֹ֑ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 לֵ לְ ADP _ ExtPos=SCONJ 7 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=JOS_10:17!3|MId=o060100170031|Strong=3807a 6 אמֹ֑ר אָמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 5 fixed _ Gloss=|Ref=JOS_10:17!3|MId=o060100170032|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:;|Type=infinitive_construct 7 נִמְצְאוּ֙ מָצָא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 advcl _ Gloss=they.have.been.found|Ref=JOS_10:17!4|MId=o060100170041|Strong=4672|Frame=A1:060100170062;|Type=qatal 8 חֲמֵ֣שֶׁת חָמֵשׁ NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 nummod _ Gloss=the.five|Ref=JOS_10:17!5|MId=o060100170051|Strong=2568|Type=cardinal_number 9-10 הַמְּלָכִ֔ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 10 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_10:17!6|MId=o060100170061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 10 מְּלָכִ֔ים מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 7 nsubj _ Gloss=kings|Ref=JOS_10:17!6|MId=o060100170062|Strong=4428 11 נֶחְבְּאִ֥ים חָבָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur 7 parataxis _ Gloss=hidden|Ref=JOS_10:17!7|MId=o060100170071|Strong=2244|Frame=A0:060100170062;|Type=participle_active 12-14 בַּמְּעָרָ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JOS_10:17!8|MId=o060100170081|Strong=0871a 13 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 14 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_10:17!8|MId=o060100170081ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 14 מְּעָרָ֖ה מְעָרָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 11 obl _ Gloss=cave|Ref=JOS_10:17!8|MId=o060100170082|Strong=4631 15-16 בְּמַקֵּדָֽה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=at|Ref=JOS_10:17!9|MId=o060100170091|Strong=0871a 16 מַקֵּדָֽה מַקֵּדָה PROPN _ _ 11 obl _ Gloss=Makkedah|Ref=JOS_10:17!9|MId=o060100170092|Strong=4719 17 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 16 punct _ Ref=JOS_10:17!9 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אמֹר | infinitive construct · qal | | | | | | נִמְצְאוּ *they have been found* | qatal · niphal | | מְּלָכִים *kings* | | | | נֶחְבְּאִים *hidden* | participle active · niphal | מְּלָכִים *kings* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְאִתְחַוָא לִיהוֹשֻׁעַ לְמֵימָר אִשְׁתְּכָחוּ חַמְשָׁא מַלְכַיָא טְמִירִין בִּמְעַרְתָּא בְּמַקֵדָה: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And it was told Joshua, saying: 'The five kings are found, hidden in the cave at Makkedah.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.239/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:229`. - ← previous: [Joshua 10:16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.16/) - next →: [Joshua 10:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.18/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/10/)