--- title: Joshua 10:19 — but stay not ye; pursue after your enemies, and smite the hindmost o… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: but stay not ye; pursue after your enemies, and smite the hindmost of them; suffer them not to enter into their cities; for the LORD your God hath delivered them into your hand.' Who acts: ye, LORD. Joshua 10:19 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of ever --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.19/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/10/) / 10:19 # Joshua 10:19 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ **Who acts:** ye, LORD · **What happens:** not stay, pursue, smite, suffer, not enter, deliver · **To what, where:** hindmost, enemies, cities, hand This is Joshua 10:19 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — ye, LORD — and what happens in the verse to hindmost, enemies, cities, hand, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְאַתֶּם֙ אַֽל־תַּעֲמֹ֔דוּ רִדְפוּ֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י אֹֽיְבֵיכֶ֔ם וְזִנַּבְתֶּ֖ם אוֹתָ֑ם אַֽל־תִּתְּנ֗וּם לָבוֹא֙ אֶל־עָ֣רֵיהֶ֔ם כִּ֧י נְתָנָ֛ם יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֖ם בְּיֶדְכֶֽם׃ [but stay not ye; pursue after your enemies, and smite the hindmost of them; suffer them not to enter into their cities; for the LORD your God hath delivered them into your hand.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.241/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOS:231 # text = וְאַתֶּם֙ אַֽל־תַּעֲמֹ֔דוּ רִדְפוּ֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י אֹֽיְבֵיכֶ֔ם וְזִנַּבְתֶּ֖ם אוֹתָ֑ם אַֽל־תִּתְּנ֗וּם לָבוֹא֙ אֶל־עָ֣רֵיהֶ֔ם כִּ֧י נְתָנָ֛ם יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֖ם בְּיֶדְכֶֽם׃ # verse = JOS.10.19 1-2 וְאַתֶּם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 4 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_10:19!1|MId=o060100190011|Strong=2050b 2 אַתֶּם֙ אַתֶּם PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 4 nsubj _ Gloss=you|Ref=JOS_10:19!1|MId=o060100190012|Strong=0859a|Type=personal 3 אַֽל־ אַל ADV _ _ 4 advmod _ Gloss=do.not|Ref=JOS_10:19!2|MId=o060100190021|Strong=0408|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 4 תַּעֲמֹ֔דוּ עָמַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 0 root _ Gloss=delay|Ref=JOS_10:19!3|MId=o060100190031|Strong=5975|Frame=A0:060100190012;|Type=jussive 5 רִדְפוּ֙ רָדַף VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 4 parataxis _ Gloss=pursue|Ref=JOS_10:19!4|MId=o060100190041|Strong=7291|Frame=A0:060100150041;|Type=imperative 6 אַחֲרֵ֣י אַחַר ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=after|Ref=JOS_10:19!5|MId=o060100190051|Strong=0310 7-8 אֹֽיְבֵיכֶ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 אֹֽיְבֵי אָיַב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 5 obl _ Gloss=enemies|Ref=JOS_10:19!6|MId=o060100190061|Strong=0341|Type=participle_active 8 כֶ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 7 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=JOS_10:19!6|MId=o060100190062|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 9-10 וְזִנַּבְתֶּ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_10:19!7|MId=o060100190071|Strong=2050b 10 זִנַּבְתֶּ֖ם זָנַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur|Person=2 4 conj _ Gloss=you.will.attack.in.the.rear|Ref=JOS_10:19!7|MId=o060100190072|Strong=2179|Frame=A0:060100150041;A1:060100190082;|Type=weqatal 11-12 אוֹתָ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 אוֹת אֵת ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=|Ref=JOS_10:19!8|MId=o060100190081|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 12 ָ֑ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 obj _ Gloss=them|Ref=JOS_10:19!8|MId=o060100190082|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 13 אַֽל־ אַל ADV _ _ 14 advmod _ Gloss=do.not|Ref=JOS_10:19!9|MId=o060100190091|Strong=0408|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 14-15 תִּתְּנ֗וּם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 תִּתְּנ֗וּ נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 4 parataxis _ Gloss=permit|Ref=JOS_10:19!10|MId=o060100190101|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:060100150041;A1:060100190102;|Type=jussive 15 ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 obj _ Gloss=them|Ref=JOS_10:19!10|MId=o060100190102|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 16-17 לָבוֹא֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_10:19!11|MId=o060100190111|Strong=3807a 17 בוֹא֙ בּוֹא VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 14 xcomp _ Gloss=go|Ref=JOS_10:19!11|MId=o060100190112|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:060100190061;|Type=infinitive_construct 18 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=into|Ref=JOS_10:19!12|MId=o060100190121|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 19-20 עָ֣רֵיהֶ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 עָ֣רֵי עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 17 obl _ Gloss=cities|Ref=JOS_10:19!13|MId=o060100190131|Strong=5892 20 הֶ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=JOS_10:19!13|MId=o060100190132|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 21 כִּ֧י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 22 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=JOS_10:19!14|MId=o060100190141|Strong=3588 22-23 נְתָנָ֛ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 נְתָנ נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 advcl _ Gloss=he|Ref=JOS_10:19!15|MId=o060100190151|Strong=5414|Frame=A1:060100190152;A0:060100190161;|Type=qatal 23 ָ֛ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 obj _ Gloss=has.given.them|Ref=JOS_10:19!15|MId=o060100190152|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 24 יְהוָ֥ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 22 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=JOS_10:19!16|MId=o060100190161|Strong=3068 25-26 אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 אֱלֹהֵי אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 24 appos _ Gloss=God|Ref=JOS_10:19!17|MId=o060100190171|Strong=0430 26 כֶ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 25 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=JOS_10:19!17|MId=o060100190172|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 27-29 בְּיֶדְכֶֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JOS_10:19!18|MId=o060100190181|Strong=0871a 28 יֶד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 22 obl _ Gloss=hand|Ref=JOS_10:19!18|MId=o060100190182|Strong=3027 29 ְכֶֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 28 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=JOS_10:19!18|MId=o060100190183|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 30 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 29 punct _ Ref=JOS_10:19!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **not** תַּעֲמֹדוּ *delay* | jussive · qal | אַתֶּם *you* | | | | | רִדְפוּ *pursue* | imperative · qal | | | | | | זִנַּבְתֶּם *you will attack in the rear* | weqatal · piel | | ָם *them* | | | | **not** תִּתְּנוּ *permit* | jussive · qal | | ם *them* | | | | בוֹא *go* | infinitive construct · qal | אֹֽיְבֵי *enemies* | | | | | נְתָנ *he* | qatal · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | ָם *has given them* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְאַתּוּן לָא תְקוּמוּן רְדוּפוּ בָּתַר בַּעֲלֵי דְבָבֵיכוֹן וְתִדְבְּקוּן יַתְהוֹן לָא תִשְׁבְּקוּנוּן לְמֵיעַל לְקִרְוֵיהוֹן אֲרֵי מְסָרִינוּן יְיָ אֱלָהָכוֹן בִּידֵיכוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [but stay not ye; pursue after your enemies, and smite the hindmost of them; suffer them not to enter into their cities; for the LORD your God hath delivered them into your hand.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.241/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:231`. - ← previous: [Joshua 10:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.18/) - next →: [Joshua 10:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.20/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/10/)