--- title: Joshua 10:2 — that they feared greatly, because Gibeon was a great city, as one of… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: that they feared greatly, because Gibeon was a great city, as one of the royal cities, and because it was greater than Ai, and all the men thereof were mighty. Who acts: inhabitants, Gibeon, city, men. Joshua 10:2 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of ev --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/10/) / 10:2 # Joshua 10:2 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ **Who acts:** inhabitants, Gibeon, city, men · **What happens:** fear, be · **To what, where:** great city This is Joshua 10:2 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — inhabitants, Gibeon, city, men — and what happens in the verse to great city, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּֽירְא֣וּ מְאֹ֔ד כִּ֣י עִ֤יר גְּדוֹלָה֙ גִּבְע֔וֹן כְּאַחַ֖ת עָרֵ֣י הַמַּמְלָכָ֑ה וְכִ֨י הִ֤יא גְדוֹלָה֙ מִן־הָעַ֔י וְכָל־אֲנָשֶׁ֖יהָ גִּבֹּרִֽים׃ [that they feared greatly, because Gibeon was a great city, as one of the royal cities, and because it was greater than Ai, and all the men thereof were mighty.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.222/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOS:214 # text = וַיִּֽירְא֣וּ מְאֹ֔ד כִּ֣י עִ֤יר גְּדוֹלָה֙ גִּבְע֔וֹן כְּאַחַ֖ת עָרֵ֣י הַמַּמְלָכָ֑ה וְכִ֨י הִ֤יא גְדוֹלָה֙ מִן־הָעַ֔י וְכָל־אֲנָשֶׁ֖יהָ גִּבֹּרִֽים׃ # verse = JOS.10.2 1-2 וַיִּֽירְא֣וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_10:2!1|MId=o060100020011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּֽירְא֣וּ יָרֵא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.were.afraid|Ref=JOS_10:2!1|MId=o060100020012|Strong=3372|Frame=A0:060100010031;060100010051;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 מְאֹ֔ד מְאֹד ADV _ _ 2 advmod _ Gloss=very|Ref=JOS_10:2!2|MId=o060100020021|Strong=3966 4 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 5 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=JOS_10:2!3|MId=o060100020031|Strong=3588 5 עִ֤יר עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 advcl _ Gloss=[was].a.city|Ref=JOS_10:2!4|MId=o060100020041|Strong=5892 6 גְּדוֹלָה֙ גָּדוֹל ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 5 amod _ Gloss=great|Ref=JOS_10:2!5|MId=o060100020051|Strong=1419|Type=adjective 7 גִּבְע֔וֹן גִּבְעוֹן PROPN _ _ 5 nsubj _ Gloss=Gibeon|Ref=JOS_10:2!6|MId=o060100020061|Strong=1391 8-9 כְּאַחַ֖ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 כְּ כְּ ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=JOS_10:2!7|MId=o060100020071|Strong=3509a 9 אַחַ֖ת אֶחָד NUM _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 10 nummod _ Gloss=one|Ref=JOS_10:2!7|MId=o060100020072|Strong=0259|Type=cardinal_number 10 עָרֵ֣י עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 5 obl _ Gloss=of.the.cities|Ref=JOS_10:2!8|MId=o060100020081|Strong=5892 11-12 הַמַּמְלָכָ֑ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=of.(the)|Ref=JOS_10:2!9|MId=o060100020091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 12 מַּמְלָכָ֑ה מַמְלָכָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 10 compound:smixut _ Gloss=royalty|Ref=JOS_10:2!9|MId=o060100020092|Strong=4467 13-14 וְכִ֨י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_10:2!10|MId=o060100020101|Strong=2050b 14 כִ֨י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 16 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=JOS_10:2!10|MId=o060100020102|Strong=3588 15 הִ֤יא הִיא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 nsubj _ Gloss=it|Ref=JOS_10:2!11|MId=o060100020111|Strong=1931a|Type=personal 16 גְדוֹלָה֙ גָּדוֹל ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 advcl _ Gloss=[was].great|Ref=JOS_10:2!12|MId=o060100020121|Strong=1419|Type=adjective 17 מִן־ מִן ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=more.than|Ref=JOS_10:2!13|MId=o060100020131|Strong=4480|SpaceAfter=No 18-19 הָעַ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 19 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JOS_10:2!14|MId=o060100020141|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 19 עַ֔י עַי PROPN _ _ 16 obl _ Gloss=Ai|Ref=JOS_10:2!14|MId=o060100020142|Strong=5857 20-21 וְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_10:2!15|MId=o060100020151|Strong=2050b 21 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 24 nsubj _ Gloss=all|Ref=JOS_10:2!15|MId=o060100020152|Strong=3605 22-23 אֲנָשֶׁ֖יהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 אֲנָשֶׁ֖י אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 21 compound:smixut _ Gloss=men|Ref=JOS_10:2!16|MId=o060100020161|Strong=0376 23 הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=JOS_10:2!16|MId=o060100020162|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 24 גִּבֹּרִֽים גִּבּוֹר ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 conj _ Gloss=[were].warriors|Ref=JOS_10:2!17|MId=o060100020171|Strong=1368|Type=adjective|SpaceAfter=No 25 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 24 punct _ Ref=JOS_10:2!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּֽירְאוּ *they were afraid* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּדְחִילוּ לַחֲדָא אֲרֵי קַרְתָּא רַבְּתָא גִבְעוֹן כַּחֲדָא מִקִרְוֵי מַלְכְּוָתָא וַאֲרֵי הִיא רַבָּא מִן עָי וְכָל גַבְרָהָא גִבָּרִין: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [that they feared greatly, because Gibeon was a great city, as one of the royal cities, and because it was greater than Ai, and all the men thereof were mighty.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.222/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:214`. - ← previous: [Joshua 10:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.1/) - next →: [Joshua 10:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.3/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/10/)