--- title: Joshua 10:20 — And it came to pass, when Joshua and the children of Israel had made… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And it came to pass, when Joshua and the children of Israel had made an end of slaying them with a very great slaughter, till they were consumed, and the remnant which remained of them had entered into the fortified cities, Who acts: hindmost, Joshua, end, remnant. Joshua 10:20 in Hebrew with its de --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.20/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/10/) / 10:20 # Joshua 10:20 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ **Who acts:** hindmost, Joshua, end, remnant · **What happens:** come, pass, make, slay, consume, remain · **To what, where:** end, children, fortified cities This is Joshua 10:20 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — hindmost, Joshua, end, remnant — and what happens in the verse to end, children, fortified cities, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיְהִי֩ כְּכַלּ֨וֹת יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ וּבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל לְהַכּוֹתָ֛ם מַכָּ֥ה גְדוֹלָֽה־מְאֹ֖ד עַד־תֻּמָּ֑ם וְהַשְּׂרִידִים֙ שָׂרְד֣וּ מֵהֶ֔ם וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ אֶל־עָרֵ֥י הַמִּבְצָֽר׃ [And it came to pass, when Joshua and the children of Israel had made an end of slaying them with a very great slaughter, till they were consumed, and the remnant which remained of them had entered into the fortified cities,](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.242/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOS:232 # text = וַיְהִי֩ כְּכַלּ֨וֹת יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ וּבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל לְהַכּוֹתָ֛ם מַכָּ֥ה גְדוֹלָֽה־מְאֹ֖ד עַד־תֻּמָּ֑ם וְהַשְּׂרִידִים֙ שָׂרְד֣וּ מֵהֶ֔ם וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ אֶל־עָרֵ֥י הַמִּבְצָֽר׃ # verse = JOS.10.20 1-2 וַיְהִי֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_10:20!1|MId=o060100200011|Strong=2050b 2 יְהִי֩ הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.was|Ref=JOS_10:20!1|MId=o060100200012|Strong=1961|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 כְּכַלּ֨וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 כְּ כְּ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=just|Ref=JOS_10:20!2|MId=o060100200021|Strong=3509a 4 כַלּ֨וֹת כָּלָה VERB _ HebBinyan=PIEL 2 advcl _ Gloss=as.finished|Ref=JOS_10:20!2|MId=o060100200022|Strong=3615|Frame=A0:060100200031;060100200042;|Type=infinitive_construct 5 יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ יְהֹושֻׁעַ PROPN _ _ 4 nsubj _ Gloss=Joshua|Ref=JOS_10:20!3|MId=o060100200031|Strong=3091 6-7 וּבְנֵ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 7 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_10:20!4|MId=o060100200041|Strong=2050b 7 בְנֵ֣י בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 5 conj _ Gloss=the.people|Ref=JOS_10:20!4|MId=o060100200042|Strong=1121 8 יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=JOS_10:20!5|MId=o060100200051|Strong=3478 9-11 לְהַכּוֹתָ֛ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_10:20!6|MId=o060100200061|Strong=3807a 10 הַכּוֹת נָכָה VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 4 xcomp _ Gloss=defeat|Ref=JOS_10:20!6|MId=o060100200062|Strong=5221|Frame=AA:060100200031;060100200042;A0:060100200063;|Type=infinitive_construct 11 ָ֛ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 obj _ Gloss=them|Ref=JOS_10:20!6|MId=o060100200063|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 12 מַכָּ֥ה מַכָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 10 obl _ Gloss=a.defeat|Ref=JOS_10:20!7|MId=o060100200071|Strong=4347 13 גְדוֹלָֽה־ גָּדוֹל ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 12 amod _ Gloss=great|Ref=JOS_10:20!8|MId=o060100200081|Strong=1419|Type=adjective|SpaceAfter=No 14 מְאֹ֖ד מְאֹד ADV _ _ 13 advmod _ Gloss=very|Ref=JOS_10:20!9|MId=o060100200091|Strong=3966 15 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=until|Ref=JOS_10:20!10|MId=o060100200101|Strong=5704|SpaceAfter=No 16-17 תֻּמָּ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 תֻּמּ תָּמַם VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 10 advcl _ Gloss=they|Ref=JOS_10:20!11|MId=o060100200111|Strong=8552|Frame=A0:060100200112;|Type=infinitive_construct 17 ָ֑ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 nsubj _ Gloss=were.finished|Ref=JOS_10:20!11|MId=o060100200112|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 18-20 וְהַשְּׂרִידִים֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_10:20!12|MId=o060100200121|Strong=2050b 19 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 20 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_10:20!12|MId=o060100200122|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 20 שְּׂרִידִים֙ שָׂרִיד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 21 nsubj _ Gloss=survivors|Ref=JOS_10:20!12|MId=o060100200123|Strong=8300 21 שָׂרְד֣וּ שָׂרַד VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.survived|Ref=JOS_10:20!13|MId=o060100200131|Strong=8277|Frame=A0:060100200123;|Type=qatal 22-23 מֵהֶ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=of|Ref=JOS_10:20!14|MId=o060100200141|Strong=4480 23 הֶ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=JOS_10:20!14|MId=o060100200142|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 24-25 וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_10:20!15|MId=o060100200151|Strong=2050b 25 יָּבֹ֖אוּ בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.went|Ref=JOS_10:20!15|MId=o060100200152|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:060100200123;|Type=wayyiqtol 26 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=into|Ref=JOS_10:20!16|MId=o060100200161|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 27 עָרֵ֥י עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 25 obl _ Gloss=the.cities|Ref=JOS_10:20!17|MId=o060100200171|Strong=5892 28-29 הַמִּבְצָֽר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 29 det _ Gloss=of.(the)|Ref=JOS_10:20!18|MId=o060100200181|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 29 מִּבְצָֽר מִבְצָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 27 compound:smixut _ Gloss=fortification|Ref=JOS_10:20!18|MId=o060100200182|Strong=4013 30 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 29 punct _ Ref=JOS_10:20!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | כַלּוֹת *as finished* | infinitive construct · piel | יְהוֹשֻׁעַ *Joshua* + בְנֵי *the people* | | | | | הַכּוֹת *defeat* | infinitive construct · hiphil | ָם *them* | | | יְהוֹשֻׁעַ *Joshua* + בְנֵי *the people* | | תֻּמּ *they* | infinitive construct · qal | ָם *were finished* | | | | | שָׂרְדוּ *they survived* | qatal · qal | שְּׂרִידִים *survivors* | | | | | יָּבֹאוּ *they went* | wayyiqtol · qal | שְּׂרִידִים *survivors* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַהֲוָה כַּד שֵׁיצֵי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ וּבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לְמִמְחֵיהוֹן מְחָתָא רַבְּתָא לַחֲדָא עַד דִשְׁלִימוּ וּמְשֵׁיזְבַיָא אִשְׁתֵּזִיבוּ מִנְהוֹן וְעָלוּ לְקִרְוִין כְּרִיכָן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And it came to pass, when Joshua and the children of Israel had made an end of slaying them with a very great slaughter, till they were consumed, and the remnant which remained of them had entered into the fortified cities,](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.242/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:232`. - ← previous: [Joshua 10:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.19/) - next →: [Joshua 10:21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.21/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/10/)