--- title: Joshua 10:22 — Then said Joshua: 'Open the mouth of the cave, and bring forth those… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Then said Joshua: 'Open the mouth of the cave, and bring forth those five kings unto me out of the cave.' Who acts: Joshua. Joshua 10:22 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.22/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/10/) / 10:22 # Joshua 10:22 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ **Who acts:** Joshua · **What happens:** say, open, bring · **To what, where:** mouth, five kings, cave · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Joshua 10:22 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Joshua — and what happens in the verse to mouth, five kings, cave, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ פִּתְח֖וּ אֶת־פִּ֣י הַמְּעָרָ֑ה וְהוֹצִ֣יאוּ אֵלַ֗י אֶת־חֲמֵ֛שֶׁת הַמְּלָכִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה מִן־הַמְּעָרָֽה׃ [Then said Joshua: 'Open the mouth of the cave, and bring forth those five kings unto me out of the cave.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.244/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOS:234 # text = וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ פִּתְח֖וּ אֶת־פִּ֣י הַמְּעָרָ֑ה וְהוֹצִ֣יאוּ אֵלַ֗י אֶת־חֲמֵ֛שֶׁת הַמְּלָכִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה מִן־הַמְּעָרָֽה׃ # verse = JOS.10.22 1-2 וַיֹּ֣אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_10:22!1|MId=o060100220011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֣אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=JOS_10:22!1|MId=o060100220012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:060100220021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ יְהֹושֻׁעַ PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Joshua|Ref=JOS_10:22!2|MId=o060100220021|Strong=3091 4 פִּתְח֖וּ פָּתַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 2 ccomp _ Gloss=open|Ref=JOS_10:22!3|MId=o060100220031|Strong=6605|Frame=A0:060100180111;A1:060100220051;|Type=imperative 5 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOS_10:22!4|MId=o060100220041|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 6 פִּ֣י פֶּה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 obj _ Gloss=the.mouth|Ref=JOS_10:22!5|MId=o060100220051|Strong=6310 7-8 הַמְּעָרָ֑ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 8 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JOS_10:22!6|MId=o060100220061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 8 מְּעָרָ֑ה מְעָרָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.cave|Ref=JOS_10:22!6|MId=o060100220062|Strong=4631 9-10 וְהוֹצִ֣יאוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_10:22!7|MId=o060100220071|Strong=2050b 10 הוֹצִ֣יאוּ יָצָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=2 4 conj _ Gloss=bring.out|Ref=JOS_10:22!7|MId=o060100220072|Strong=3318|Frame=AA:060100180111;A0:060100220112;|Type=imperative 11-12 אֵלַ֗י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 אֵל אֶל ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_10:22!8|MId=o060100220081|Strong=0413 12 ַ֗י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 10 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=JOS_10:22!8|MId=o060100220082|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 13 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOS_10:22!9|MId=o060100220091|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 14 חֲמֵ֛שֶׁת חָמֵשׁ NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 nummod _ Gloss=the.five|Ref=JOS_10:22!10|MId=o060100220101|Strong=2568|Type=cardinal_number 15-16 הַמְּלָכִ֥ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_10:22!11|MId=o060100220111|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 16 מְּלָכִ֥ים מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 10 obj _ Gloss=kings|Ref=JOS_10:22!11|MId=o060100220112|Strong=4428 17-18 הָאֵ֖לֶּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 18 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JOS_10:22!12|MId=o060100220121|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 18 אֵ֖לֶּה אֵלֶּה DET _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 16 det _ Gloss=these|Ref=JOS_10:22!12|MId=o060100220122|Strong=0428|Type=demonstrative 19 מִן־ מִן ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JOS_10:22!13|MId=o060100220131|Strong=4480|SpaceAfter=No 20-21 הַמְּעָרָֽה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 21 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_10:22!14|MId=o060100220141|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 21 מְּעָרָֽה מְעָרָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 10 obl _ Gloss=cave|Ref=JOS_10:22!14|MId=o060100220142|Strong=4631 22 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 21 punct _ Ref=JOS_10:22!14 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | יְהוֹשֻׁעַ *Joshua* | | | | | פִּתְחוּ *open* | imperative · qal | | פִּי *the mouth* | | | | הוֹצִיאוּ *bring out* | imperative · hiphil | מְּלָכִים *kings* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר יְהוֹשֻׁעַ פְּתָחוּ יַת פּוּמָא דִמְעַרְתָּא וְאַפִּיקוּ לְוָתִי יַת חַמְשָׁא מַלְכַיָא הָאִלֵין מִן מְעַרְתָּא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Then said Joshua: 'Open the mouth of the cave, and bring forth those five kings unto me out of the cave.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.244/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:234`. - ← previous: [Joshua 10:21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.21/) - next →: [Joshua 10:23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.23/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/10/)