--- title: Joshua 10:24 — And it came to pass, when they brought forth those kings unto Joshua… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And it came to pass, when they brought forth those kings unto Joshua, that Joshua called for all the men of Israel, and said unto the chiefs of the men of war that went with him: 'Come near, put your feet upon the necks of these kings.' And they came near, and put their feet upon the necks of them. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.24/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/10/) / 10:24 # Joshua 10:24 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ **Who acts:** people, Joshua, men · **What happens:** come, pass, bring, call, say, go · **To what, where:** cave, kings, feet, necks · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Joshua 10:24 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — people, Joshua, men — and what happens in the verse to cave, kings, feet, necks, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַ֠יְהִי כְּֽהוֹצִיאָ֞ם אֶת־הַמְּלָכִ֣ים הָאֵלֶּה֮ אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁעַ֒ וַיִּקְרָ֨א יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ אֶל־כָּל־אִ֣ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל וַ֠יֹּאמֶר אֶל־קְצִינֵ֞י אַנְשֵׁ֤י הַמִּלְחָמָה֙ הֶהָלְכ֣וּא אִתּ֔וֹ קִרְב֗וּ שִׂ֚ימוּ אֶת־רַגְלֵיכֶ֔ם עַֽל־צַוְּארֵ֖י הַמְּלָכִ֣ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה וַֽיִּקְרְב֔וּ וַיָּשִׂ֥ימוּ אֶת־רַגְלֵיהֶ֖ם עַל־צַוְּארֵיהֶֽם׃ [And it came to pass, when they brought forth those kings unto Joshua, that Joshua called for all the men of Israel, and said unto the chiefs of the men of war that went with him: 'Come near, put your feet upon the necks of these kings.' And they came near, and put their feet upon the necks of them.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.246/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOS:236 # text = וַ֠יְהִי כְּֽהוֹצִיאָ֞ם אֶת־הַמְּלָכִ֣ים הָאֵלֶּה֮ אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁעַ֒ וַיִּקְרָ֨א יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ אֶל־כָּל־אִ֣ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל וַ֠יֹּאמֶר אֶל־קְצִינֵ֞י אַנְשֵׁ֤י הַמִּלְחָמָה֙ הֶהָלְכ֣וּא אִתּ֔וֹ קִרְב֗וּ שִׂ֚ימוּ אֶת־רַגְלֵיכֶ֔ם עַֽל־צַוְּארֵ֖י הַמְּלָכִ֣ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה וַֽיִּקְרְב֔וּ וַיָּשִׂ֥ימוּ אֶת־רַגְלֵיהֶ֖ם עַל־צַוְּארֵיהֶֽם׃ # verse = JOS.10.24 1-2 וַ֠יְהִי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ֠ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_10:24!1|MId=o060100240011|Strong=2050b 2 יְהִי הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.was|Ref=JOS_10:24!1|MId=o060100240012|Strong=1961|Type=wayyiqtol 3-5 כְּֽהוֹצִיאָ֞ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 כְּֽ כְּ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=just|Ref=JOS_10:24!2|MId=o060100240021|Strong=3509a 4 הוֹצִיא יָצָא VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 2 advcl _ Gloss=as|Ref=JOS_10:24!2|MId=o060100240022|Strong=3318|Frame=AA:060100240023;A0:060100240042;|Type=infinitive_construct 5 ָ֞ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 nsubj _ Gloss=they.brought.out|Ref=JOS_10:24!2|MId=o060100240023|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 6 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOS_10:24!3|MId=o060100240031|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 7-8 הַמְּלָכִ֣ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 8 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_10:24!4|MId=o060100240041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 8 מְּלָכִ֣ים מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 4 obj _ Gloss=kings|Ref=JOS_10:24!4|MId=o060100240042|Strong=4428 9-10 הָאֵלֶּה֮ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 10 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JOS_10:24!5|MId=o060100240051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 10 אֵלֶּה֮ אֵלֶּה DET _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 8 det _ Gloss=these|Ref=JOS_10:24!5|MId=o060100240052|Strong=0428|Type=demonstrative 11 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_10:24!6|MId=o060100240061|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 12 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ֒ יְהֹושֻׁעַ PROPN _ _ 4 obl _ Gloss=Joshua|Ref=JOS_10:24!7|MId=o060100240071|Strong=3091 13-14 וַיִּקְרָ֨א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_10:24!8|MId=o060100240081|Strong=2050b 14 יִּקְרָ֨א קָרָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.summoned|Ref=JOS_10:24!8|MId=o060100240082|Strong=7121|Frame=A0:060100240091;|Type=wayyiqtol 15 יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ יְהֹושֻׁעַ PROPN _ _ 14 nsubj _ Gloss=Joshua|Ref=JOS_10:24!9|MId=o060100240091|Strong=3091 16 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=(to)|Ref=JOS_10:24!10|MId=o060100240101|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 17 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 obl _ Gloss=every|Ref=JOS_10:24!11|MId=o060100240111|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 18 אִ֣ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 compound:smixut _ Gloss=(the).man|Ref=JOS_10:24!12|MId=o060100240121|Strong=0376 19 יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 18 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=JOS_10:24!13|MId=o060100240131|Strong=3478 20-21 וַ֠יֹּאמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וַ֠ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_10:24!14|MId=o060100240141|Strong=2050b 21 יֹּאמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=JOS_10:24!14|MId=o060100240142|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:060100240091;|Type=wayyiqtol 22 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_10:24!15|MId=o060100240151|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 23 קְצִינֵ֞י קָצִין NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 21 obl _ Gloss=the.commanders|Ref=JOS_10:24!16|MId=o060100240161|Strong=7101 24 אַנְשֵׁ֤י אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 23 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.the.men|Ref=JOS_10:24!17|MId=o060100240171|Strong=0376 25-26 הַמִּלְחָמָה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 26 det _ Gloss=of.(the)|Ref=JOS_10:24!18|MId=o060100240181|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 26 מִּלְחָמָה֙ מִלְחָמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 24 compound:smixut _ Gloss=war|Ref=JOS_10:24!18|MId=o060100240182|Strong=4421 27-28 הֶהָלְכ֣וּא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 הֶ הַ SCONJ _ _ 28 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=JOS_10:24!19|MId=o060100240191|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 28 הָלְכ֣וּא הָלַךְ VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 23 appos _ Gloss=they.had.gone|Ref=JOS_10:24!19|MId=o060100240192|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:060100240161;|Type=qatal 29-30 אִתּ֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 אִתּ אֵת ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=JOS_10:24!20|MId=o060100240201|Strong=0854 30 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=JOS_10:24!20|MId=o060100240202|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 31 קִרְב֗וּ קָרַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 21 ccomp _ Gloss=draw.near|Ref=JOS_10:24!21|MId=o060100240211|Strong=7126|Frame=A0:060100240161;|Type=imperative 32 שִׂ֚ימוּ שׂים VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 31 parataxis _ Gloss=put|Ref=JOS_10:24!22|MId=o060100240221|Strong=7760|Frame=A0:060100240161;A1:060100240241;|Type=imperative 33 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 34 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOS_10:24!23|MId=o060100240231|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 34-35 רַגְלֵיכֶ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 רַגְלֵי רֶגֶל NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Dual 32 obj _ Gloss=feet|Ref=JOS_10:24!24|MId=o060100240241|Strong=7272 35 כֶ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 34 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=JOS_10:24!24|MId=o060100240242|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 36 עַֽל־ עַל ADP _ _ 37 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JOS_10:24!25|MId=o060100240251|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 37 צַוְּארֵ֖י צַוָּאר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 32 obl _ Gloss=the.necks|Ref=JOS_10:24!26|MId=o060100240261|Strong=6677 38-39 הַמְּלָכִ֣ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 39 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JOS_10:24!27|MId=o060100240271|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 39 מְּלָכִ֣ים מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 37 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.kings|Ref=JOS_10:24!27|MId=o060100240272|Strong=4428 40-41 הָאֵ֑לֶּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 41 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JOS_10:24!28|MId=o060100240281|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 41 אֵ֑לֶּה אֵלֶּה DET _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 39 det _ Gloss=these|Ref=JOS_10:24!28|MId=o060100240282|Strong=0428|Type=demonstrative 42-43 וַֽיִּקְרְב֔וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 43 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_10:24!29|MId=o060100240291|Strong=2050b 43 יִּקְרְב֔וּ קָרַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.drew.near|Ref=JOS_10:24!29|MId=o060100240292|Strong=7126|Frame=A0:060100240161;|Type=wayyiqtol 44-45 וַיָּשִׂ֥ימוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 45 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_10:24!30|MId=o060100240301|Strong=2050b 45 יָּשִׂ֥ימוּ שׂים VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.put|Ref=JOS_10:24!30|MId=o060100240302|Strong=7760|Frame=A0:060100240161;A1:060100240321;|Type=wayyiqtol 46 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 47 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOS_10:24!31|MId=o060100240311|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 47-48 רַגְלֵיהֶ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 רַגְלֵי רֶגֶל NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Dual 45 obj _ Gloss=feet|Ref=JOS_10:24!32|MId=o060100240321|Strong=7272 48 הֶ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 47 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=JOS_10:24!32|MId=o060100240322|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 49 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 50 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JOS_10:24!33|MId=o060100240331|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 50-51 צַוְּארֵיהֶֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 צַוְּארֵי צַוָּאר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 45 obl _ Gloss=necks|Ref=JOS_10:24!34|MId=o060100240341|Strong=6677 51 הֶֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 50 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=JOS_10:24!34|MId=o060100240342|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 52 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 51 punct _ Ref=JOS_10:24!34 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | הוֹצִיא *as* | infinitive construct · hiphil | מְּלָכִים *kings* | | | ָם *they brought out* | | יִּקְרָא *he summoned* | wayyiqtol · qal | יְהוֹשֻׁעַ *Joshua* | | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | יְהוֹשֻׁעַ *Joshua* | | | | | הָלְכוּא *they had gone* | qatal · qal | קְצִינֵי *the commanders* | | | | | קִרְבוּ *draw near* | imperative · qal | קְצִינֵי *the commanders* | | | | | שִׂימוּ *put* | imperative · qal | קְצִינֵי *the commanders* | רַגְלֵי *feet* | | | | יִּקְרְבוּ *they drew near* | wayyiqtol · qal | קְצִינֵי *the commanders* | | | | | יָּשִׂימוּ *they put* | wayyiqtol · qal | קְצִינֵי *the commanders* | רַגְלֵי *feet* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַהֲוָה כַּד אַפִּיקוּ יַת מַלְכַיָא הָאִלֵין לְוַת יְהוֹשֻׁעַ וּקְרָא יְהוֹשֻׁעַ לְכָל אֱנָשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל וַאֲמַר לְשִׁלְטוֹנֵי גַבְרֵי מְגִיחֵי קְרָבָא דַאֲזַלוּ עִמֵיהּ קִרְבוּ שַׁווּ יַת רִגְלֵיכוֹן עַל צַוְארֵי מַלְכַיָא הָאִלֵין וּקְרִיבוּ וְשַׁוִיאוּ יַת רִגְלֵיהוֹן עַל צַוְארֵיהוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And it came to pass, when they brought forth those kings unto Joshua, that Joshua called for all the men of Israel, and said unto the chiefs of the men of war that went with him: 'Come near, put your feet upon the necks of these kings.' And they came near, and put their feet upon the necks of them.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.246/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:236`. - ← previous: [Joshua 10:23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.23/) - next →: [Joshua 10:25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.25/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/10/)