--- title: Joshua 10:27 — And it came to pass at the time of the going down of the sun, that J… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And it came to pass at the time of the going down of the sun, that Joshua commanded, and they took them down off the trees, and cast them into the cave wherein they had hidden themselves, and laid great stones on the mouth of the cave, unto this very day. Who acts: Joshua, people. Joshua 10:27 in He --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.27/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/10/) / 10:27 # Joshua 10:27 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ **Who acts:** Joshua, people · **What happens:** come, pass, go down, command, take down, cast · **To what, where:** death, trees, people, cave, great stones, mouth · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Joshua 10:27 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Joshua, people — and what happens in the verse to death, trees, people, cave, great stones, mouth, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיְהִ֞י לְעֵ֣ת ׀ בּ֣וֹא הַשֶּׁ֗מֶשׁ צִוָּ֤ה יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ וַיֹּֽרִידוּם֙ מֵעַ֣ל הָעֵצִ֔ים וַיַּ֨שְׁלִכֻ֔ם אֶל־הַמְּעָרָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר נֶחְבְּאוּ־שָׁ֑ם וַיָּשִׂ֜מוּ אֲבָנִ֤ים גְּדֹלוֹת֙ עַל־פִּ֣י הַמְּעָרָ֔ה עַד־עֶ֖צֶם הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃פ [And it came to pass at the time of the going down of the sun, that Joshua commanded, and they took them down off the trees, and cast them into the cave wherein they had hidden themselves, and laid great stones on the mouth of the cave, unto this very day.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.249/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOS:239 # text = וַיְהִ֞י לְעֵ֣ת ׀ בּ֣וֹא הַשֶּׁ֗מֶשׁ צִוָּ֤ה יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ וַיֹּֽרִידוּם֙ מֵעַ֣ל הָעֵצִ֔ים וַיַּ֨שְׁלִכֻ֔ם אֶל־הַמְּעָרָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר נֶחְבְּאוּ־שָׁ֑ם וַיָּשִׂ֜מוּ אֲבָנִ֤ים גְּדֹלוֹת֙ עַל־פִּ֣י הַמְּעָרָ֔ה עַד־עֶ֖צֶם הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃פ # verse = JOS.10.27 1-2 וַיְהִ֞י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_10:27!1|MId=o060100270011|Strong=2050b 2 יְהִ֞י הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.was|Ref=JOS_10:27!1|MId=o060100270012|Strong=1961|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 לְעֵ֣ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_10:27!2|MId=o060100270021|Strong=3807a 4 עֵ֣ת עֵת NOUN _ Number=Sing 9 obl _ Gloss=the.time|Ref=JOS_10:27!2|MId=o060100270022|Strong=6256 5 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 4 punct _ Ref=JOS_10:27!2 6 בּ֣וֹא בּוֹא VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 4 acl _ Gloss=was.going|Ref=JOS_10:27!3|MId=o060100270031|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:060100270042;|Type=infinitive_construct 7-8 הַשֶּׁ֗מֶשׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 8 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_10:27!4|MId=o060100270041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 8 שֶּׁ֗מֶשׁ שֶׁמֶשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ Gloss=sun|Ref=JOS_10:27!4|MId=o060100270042|Strong=8121 9 צִוָּ֤ה צָוָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=he.commanded|Ref=JOS_10:27!5|MId=o060100270051|Strong=6680|Frame=A0:060100270061;|Type=qatal 10 יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ יְהֹושֻׁעַ PROPN _ _ 9 nsubj _ Gloss=Joshua|Ref=JOS_10:27!6|MId=o060100270061|Strong=3091 11-13 וַיֹּֽרִידוּם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_10:27!7|MId=o060100270071|Strong=2050b 12 יֹּֽרִידוּ יָרַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=people|Ref=JOS_10:27!7|MId=o060100270072|Strong=3381|Frame=A0:;A1:060100270073;|Type=wayyiqtol 13 ם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 obj _ Gloss=took.them.down|Ref=JOS_10:27!7|MId=o060100270073|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 14-15 מֵעַ֣ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JOS_10:27!8|MId=o060100270081|Strong=4480 15 עַ֣ל עַל ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JOS_10:27!8|MId=o060100270082|Strong=5921 16-17 הָעֵצִ֔ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 17 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_10:27!9|MId=o060100270091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 17 עֵצִ֔ים עֵץ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 12 obl _ Gloss=trees|Ref=JOS_10:27!9|MId=o060100270092|Strong=6086 18-20 וַיַּ֨שְׁלִכֻ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_10:27!10|MId=o060100270101|Strong=2050b 19 יַּ֨שְׁלִכֻ֔ שָׁלַךְ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they|Ref=JOS_10:27!10|MId=o060100270102|Strong=7993|Frame=A0:;A1:060100270103;|Type=wayyiqtol 20 ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 obj _ Gloss=threw.them|Ref=JOS_10:27!10|MId=o060100270103|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 21 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=into|Ref=JOS_10:27!11|MId=o060100270111|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 22-23 הַמְּעָרָ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 23 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_10:27!12|MId=o060100270121|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 23 מְּעָרָ֖ה מְעָרָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 19 obl _ Gloss=cave|Ref=JOS_10:27!12|MId=o060100270122|Strong=4631 24 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 25 mark _ Gloss=where|Ref=JOS_10:27!13|MId=o060100270131|Strong=0834|Type=relative 25 נֶחְבְּאוּ־ חָבָא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 23 acl:relcl _ Gloss=they.had.hidden.themselves|Ref=JOS_10:27!14|MId=o060100270141|Strong=2244|Frame=A1:060100240042;|Type=qatal|SpaceAfter=No 26 שָׁ֑ם שָׁם ADV _ _ 25 advmod _ Gloss=there|Ref=JOS_10:27!15|MId=o060100270151|Strong=8033 27-28 וַיָּשִׂ֜מוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 28 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_10:27!16|MId=o060100270161|Strong=2050b 28 יָּשִׂ֜מוּ שׂים VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.put|Ref=JOS_10:27!16|MId=o060100270162|Strong=7760|Frame=A0:;A1:060100270171;|Type=wayyiqtol 29 אֲבָנִ֤ים אֶבֶן NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 28 obj _ Gloss=stones|Ref=JOS_10:27!17|MId=o060100270171|Strong=0068 30 גְּדֹלוֹת֙ גָּדוֹל ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 29 amod _ Gloss=large|Ref=JOS_10:27!18|MId=o060100270181|Strong=1419|Type=adjective 31 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=over|Ref=JOS_10:27!19|MId=o060100270191|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 32 פִּ֣י פֶּה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 28 obl _ Gloss=the.mouth|Ref=JOS_10:27!20|MId=o060100270201|Strong=6310 33-34 הַמְּעָרָ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 34 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JOS_10:27!21|MId=o060100270211|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 34 מְּעָרָ֔ה מְעָרָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 32 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.cave|Ref=JOS_10:27!21|MId=o060100270212|Strong=4631 35 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 36 case _ Gloss=until|Ref=JOS_10:27!22|MId=o060100270221|Strong=5704|SpaceAfter=No 36 עֶ֖צֶם עֶצֶם NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 28 obl _ Gloss=the.substance|Ref=JOS_10:27!23|MId=o060100270231|Strong=6106 37-38 הַיּ֥וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 38 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JOS_10:27!24|MId=o060100270241|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 38 יּ֥וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 36 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.day|Ref=JOS_10:27!24|MId=o060100270242|Strong=3117 39-40 הַזֶּֽה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 40 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JOS_10:27!25|MId=o060100270251|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 40 זֶּֽה זֶה DET _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 38 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=JOS_10:27!25|MId=o060100270252|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 41 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 40 punct _ Ref=JOS_10:27!25|SpaceAfter=No 42 פ פ PUNCT _ _ 40 punct _ Ref=JOS_10:27!25 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | בּוֹא *was going* | infinitive construct · qal | שֶּׁמֶשׁ *sun* | | | | | צִוָּה *he commanded* | qatal · piel | יְהוֹשֻׁעַ *Joshua* | | | | | יֹּֽרִידוּ *people* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | | ם *took them down* | | | | יַּשְׁלִכֻ *they* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | | ם *threw them* | | | | נֶחְבְּאוּ־ *they had hidden themselves* | qatal · niphal | | | | | | יָּשִׂמוּ *they put* | wayyiqtol · qal | | אֲבָנִים *stones* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַהֲוָה לְעִידָן מֵיעַל שִׁמְשָׁא פַּקֵד יְהוֹשֻׁעַ וְאַחִיתוּנוּן מֵעַל צְלִיבַיָא וּרְמוֹנוּן לִמְעַרְתָּא דְאִטַמָרוּ תַמָן וְשַׁוִיאוּ אַבְנִין רַבְרְבָן עַל פּוּמָא דִמְעַרְתָּא עַד כְּרַן יוֹמָא הָדֵין: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And it came to pass at the time of the going down of the sun, that Joshua commanded, and they took them down off the trees, and cast them into the cave wherein they had hidden themselves, and laid great stones on the mouth of the cave, unto this very day.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.249/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:239`. - ← previous: [Joshua 10:26](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.26/) - next →: [Joshua 10:28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.28/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/10/)