--- title: Joshua 10:28 — And Joshua took Makkedah on that day, and smote it with the edge of… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Joshua took Makkedah on that day, and smote it with the edge of the sword, and the king thereof; he utterly destroyed them and all the souls that were therein, he left none remaining; and he did to the king of Makkedah as he had done unto the king of Jericho. Who acts: Joshua, that, none. Joshua --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.28/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/10/) / 10:28 # Joshua 10:28 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ **Who acts:** Joshua, that, none · **What happens:** take, smote, destroy, be, leave, remain · **To what, where:** Makkedah, death, people, none This is Joshua 10:28 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Joshua, that, none — and what happens in the verse to Makkedah, death, people, none, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְאֶת־מַקֵּדָה֩ לָכַ֨ד יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֗וּא וַיַּכֶּ֣הָ לְפִי־חֶרֶב֮ וְאֶת־מַלְכָּהּ֒ הֶחֱרִ֣ם אוֹתָ֗ם וְאֶת־כָּל־הַנֶּ֙פֶשׁ֙ אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֔הּ לֹ֥א הִשְׁאִ֖יר שָׂרִ֑יד וַיַּ֙עַשׂ֙ לְמֶ֣לֶךְ מַקֵּדָ֔ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָׂ֖ה לְמֶ֥לֶךְ יְרִיחֽוֹ׃ [And Joshua took Makkedah on that day, and smote it with the edge of the sword, and the king thereof; he utterly destroyed them and all the souls that were therein, he left none remaining; and he did to the king of Makkedah as he had done unto the king of Jericho.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.250/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOS:240 # text = וְאֶת־מַקֵּדָה֩ לָכַ֨ד יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֗וּא וַיַּכֶּ֣הָ לְפִי־חֶרֶב֮ וְאֶת־מַלְכָּהּ֒ הֶחֱרִ֣ם אוֹתָ֗ם וְאֶת־כָּל־הַנֶּ֙פֶשׁ֙ אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֔הּ לֹ֥א הִשְׁאִ֖יר שָׂרִ֑יד וַיַּ֙עַשׂ֙ לְמֶ֣לֶךְ מַקֵּדָ֔ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָׂ֖ה לְמֶ֥לֶךְ יְרִיחֽוֹ׃ # verse = JOS.10.28 1-2 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 4 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_10:28!1|MId=o060100280011|Strong=2050b 2 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 3 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOS_10:28!1|MId=o060100280012|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 3 מַקֵּדָה֩ מַקֵּדָה PROPN _ _ 4 obj _ Gloss=Makkedah|Ref=JOS_10:28!2|MId=o060100280021|Strong=4719 4 לָכַ֨ד לָכַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.captured|Ref=JOS_10:28!3|MId=o060100280031|Strong=3920|Frame=A1:060100280021;A0:060100280041;|Type=qatal 5 יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ יְהֹושֻׁעַ PROPN _ _ 4 nsubj _ Gloss=Joshua|Ref=JOS_10:28!4|MId=o060100280041|Strong=3091 6-8 בַּיּ֣וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JOS_10:28!5|MId=o060100280051|Strong=0871a 7 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 8 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_10:28!5|MId=o060100280051ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 8 יּ֣וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 obl _ Gloss=day|Ref=JOS_10:28!5|MId=o060100280052|Strong=3117 9-10 הַה֗וּא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 10 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JOS_10:28!6|MId=o060100280061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 10 ה֗וּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 det _ Gloss=that|Ref=JOS_10:28!6|MId=o060100280062|Strong=1931|Type=personal 11-13 וַיַּכֶּ֣הָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_10:28!7|MId=o060100280071|Strong=2050b 12 יַּכּ נָכָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 conj _ Gloss=he|Ref=JOS_10:28!7|MId=o060100280072|Strong=5221|Frame=AA:060100280041;A0:060100280073;060100280111;|Type=wayyiqtol 13 ֶ֣הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 obj _ Gloss=struck.it.down|Ref=JOS_10:28!7|MId=o060100280073|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 14-15 לְפִי־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=to.[the]|Ref=JOS_10:28!8|MId=o060100280081|Strong=3807a 15 פִי־ פֶּה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 obl _ Gloss=mouth|Ref=JOS_10:28!8|MId=o060100280082|Strong=6310 16 חֶרֶב֮ חֶרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 15 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.[the].sword|Ref=JOS_10:28!9|MId=o060100280091|Strong=2719 17-18 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_10:28!10|MId=o060100280101|Strong=2050b 18 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOS_10:28!10|MId=o060100280102|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 19-20 מַלְכָּהּ֒ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 מַלְכּ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 conj _ Gloss=king|Ref=JOS_10:28!11|MId=o060100280111|Strong=4428 20 ָהּ֒ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=JOS_10:28!11|MId=o060100280112|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 21 הֶחֱרִ֣ם חָרַם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 parataxis _ Gloss=he.totally.destroyed|Ref=JOS_10:28!12|MId=o060100280121|Strong=2763|Frame=AA:060100280041;A0:060100280132;060100280162;|Type=qatal 22-23 אוֹתָ֗ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 אוֹת אֵת ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=|Ref=JOS_10:28!13|MId=o060100280131|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 23 ָ֗ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 obj _ Gloss=them|Ref=JOS_10:28!13|MId=o060100280132|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 24-25 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_10:28!14|MId=o060100280141|Strong=2050b 25 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOS_10:28!14|MId=o060100280142|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 26 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 23 conj _ Gloss=every|Ref=JOS_10:28!15|MId=o060100280151|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 27-28 הַנֶּ֙פֶשׁ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 28 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JOS_10:28!16|MId=o060100280161|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 28 נֶּ֙פֶשׁ֙ נֶפֶשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 26 compound:smixut _ Gloss=person|Ref=JOS_10:28!16|MId=o060100280162|Strong=5315 29 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 31 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=JOS_10:28!17|MId=o060100280171|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 30-31 בָּ֔הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 בּ בְּ ADP _ _ 31 case _ Gloss=[was].in|Ref=JOS_10:28!18|MId=o060100280181|Strong=0871a 31 ָ֔הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 26 acl:relcl _ Gloss=it|Ref=JOS_10:28!18|MId=o060100280182|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 32 לֹ֥א לֹא ADV _ _ 33 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=JOS_10:28!19|MId=o060100280191|Strong=3808|Type=negative 33 הִשְׁאִ֖יר שָׁאַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 parataxis _ Gloss=he.left|Ref=JOS_10:28!20|MId=o060100280201|Strong=7604|Frame=AA:060100280041;A0:060100280211;|Type=qatal 34 שָׂרִ֑יד שָׂרִיד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 33 obj _ Gloss=a.survivor|Ref=JOS_10:28!21|MId=o060100280211|Strong=8300 35-36 וַיַּ֙עַשׂ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 36 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_10:28!22|MId=o060100280221|Strong=2050b 36 יַּ֙עַשׂ֙ עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 conj _ Gloss=he.did|Ref=JOS_10:28!22|MId=o060100280222|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:060100280041;|Type=wayyiqtol 37-38 לְמֶ֣לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 38 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_10:28!23|MId=o060100280231|Strong=3807a 38 מֶ֣לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 36 obl _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=JOS_10:28!23|MId=o060100280232|Strong=4428 39 מַקֵּדָ֔ה מַקֵּדָה PROPN _ _ 38 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Makkedah|Ref=JOS_10:28!24|MId=o060100280241|Strong=4719 40-41 כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 כַּ כְּ ADP _ _ 36 obl _ Gloss=just|Ref=JOS_10:28!25|MId=o060100280251|Strong=3509a 41 אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 42 mark _ Gloss=as|Ref=JOS_10:28!25|MId=o060100280252|Strong=0834|Type=relative 42 עָשָׂ֖ה עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 40 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.had.done|Ref=JOS_10:28!26|MId=o060100280261|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:060100280041;|Type=qatal 43-44 לְמֶ֥לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 44 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_10:28!27|MId=o060100280271|Strong=3807a 44 מֶ֥לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 42 obl _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=JOS_10:28!27|MId=o060100280272|Strong=4428 45 יְרִיחֽוֹ יְרִיחֹו־יְרִחֹו PROPN _ _ 44 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Jericho|Ref=JOS_10:28!28|MId=o060100280281|Strong=3405|SpaceAfter=No 46 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 45 punct _ Ref=JOS_10:28!28 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | לָכַד *he captured* | qatal · qal | יְהוֹשֻׁעַ *Joshua* | מַקֵּדָה *Makkedah* | | | | יַּכּ *he* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | ֶהָ *struck it down* + מַלְכּ *king* | | | יְהוֹשֻׁעַ *Joshua* | | הֶחֱרִם *he totally destroyed* | qatal · hiphil | ָם *them* + נֶּפֶשׁ *person* | | | יְהוֹשֻׁעַ *Joshua* | | **not** הִשְׁאִיר *he left* | qatal · hiphil | שָׂרִיד *a survivor* | | | יְהוֹשֻׁעַ *Joshua* | | יַּעַשׂ *he did* | wayyiqtol · qal | יְהוֹשֻׁעַ *Joshua* | | | | | עָשָׂה *he had done* | qatal · qal | יְהוֹשֻׁעַ *Joshua* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְיַת מַקֵדָה כְּבַשׁ יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בְּיוֹמָא הַהוּא וּמְחָא לְפִתְגַם דְחָרֶב וְיַת מַלְכָּא גַמַר יַתְהוֹן וְיַת כָּל נַפְשָׁתָא דִי בָהּ לָא אַשְׁאֵר מְשֵׁזִיב וַעֲבַד לְמַלְכָּא דְמַקֵדָה כְּמָא דַעֲבַד לְמַלְכָּא דִירִיחוֹ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Joshua took Makkedah on that day, and smote it with the edge of the sword, and the king thereof; he utterly destroyed them and all the souls that were therein, he left none remaining; and he did to the king of Makkedah as he had done unto the king of Jericho.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.250/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:240`. - ← previous: [Joshua 10:27](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.27/) - next →: [Joshua 10:29](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.29/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/10/)