--- title: Joshua 10:39 — And he took it, and the king thereof, and all the cities thereof; an… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And he took it, and the king thereof, and all the cities thereof; and they smote them with the edge of the sword, and utterly destroyed all the souls that were therein; he left none remaining; as he had done to Hebron, so he did to Debir, and to the king thereof; as he had done also to Libnah, and t --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.39/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/10/) / 10:39 # Joshua 10:39 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ **Who acts:** Joshua, people, souls · **What happens:** take, smite, destroy, be, leave, remain · **To what, where:** death, souls, none, Hebron, Debir, Libnah This is Joshua 10:39 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Joshua, people, souls — and what happens in the verse to death, souls, none, Hebron, Debir, Libnah, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַֽיִּלְכְּדָ֞הּ וְאֶת־מַלְכָּ֤הּ וְאֶת־כָּל־עָרֶ֙יהָ֙ וַיַּכּ֣וּם לְפִי־חֶ֔רֶב וַֽיַּחֲרִ֙ימוּ֙ אֶת־כָּל־נֶ֣פֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֔הּ לֹ֥א הִשְׁאִ֖יר שָׂרִ֑יד כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשָׂ֜ה לְחֶבְר֗וֹן כֵּן־עָשָׂ֤ה לִדְבִ֙רָה֙ וּלְמַלְכָּ֔הּ וְכַאֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָׂ֛ה לְלִבְנָ֖ה וּלְמַלְכָּֽהּ׃ [And he took it, and the king thereof, and all the cities thereof; and they smote them with the edge of the sword, and utterly destroyed all the souls that were therein; he left none remaining; as he had done to Hebron, so he did to Debir, and to the king thereof; as he had done also to Libnah, and to the king thereof.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.261/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOS:251 # text = וַֽיִּלְכְּדָ֞הּ וְאֶת־מַלְכָּ֤הּ וְאֶת־כָּל־עָרֶ֙יהָ֙ וַיַּכּ֣וּם לְפִי־חֶ֔רֶב וַֽיַּחֲרִ֙ימוּ֙ אֶת־כָּל־נֶ֣פֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֔הּ לֹ֥א הִשְׁאִ֖יר שָׂרִ֑יד כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשָׂ֜ה לְחֶבְר֗וֹן כֵּן־עָשָׂ֤ה לִדְבִ֙רָה֙ וּלְמַלְכָּ֔הּ וְכַאֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָׂ֛ה לְלִבְנָ֖ה וּלְמַלְכָּֽהּ׃ # verse = JOS.10.39 1-3 וַֽיִּלְכְּדָ֞הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_10:39!1|MId=o060100390011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּלְכְּד לָכַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he|Ref=JOS_10:39!1|MId=o060100390012|Strong=3920|Frame=A0:060100380021;A1:060100390013;060100390031;060100390061;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 ָ֞הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 obj _ Gloss=captured.it|Ref=JOS_10:39!1|MId=o060100390013|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 4-5 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 6 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_10:39!2|MId=o060100390021|Strong=2050b 5 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOS_10:39!2|MId=o060100390022|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 6-7 מַלְכָּ֤הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 מַלְכּ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 conj _ Gloss=king|Ref=JOS_10:39!3|MId=o060100390031|Strong=4428 7 ָ֤הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=JOS_10:39!3|MId=o060100390032|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 8-9 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_10:39!4|MId=o060100390041|Strong=2050b 9 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOS_10:39!4|MId=o060100390042|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 10 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 conj _ Gloss=all|Ref=JOS_10:39!5|MId=o060100390051|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 11-12 עָרֶ֙יהָ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 עָרֶ֙י עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 10 compound:smixut _ Gloss=cities|Ref=JOS_10:39!6|MId=o060100390061|Strong=5892 12 הָ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=JOS_10:39!6|MId=o060100390062|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 13-15 וַיַּכּ֣וּם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_10:39!7|MId=o060100390071|Strong=2050b 14 יַּכּ֣וּ נָכָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they|Ref=JOS_10:39!7|MId=o060100390072|Strong=5221|Frame=AA:060100380021;060100380041;A0:060100390073;|Type=wayyiqtol 15 ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 obj _ Gloss=struck.them.down|Ref=JOS_10:39!7|MId=o060100390073|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 16-17 לְפִי־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=to.[the]|Ref=JOS_10:39!8|MId=o060100390081|Strong=3807a 17 פִי־ פֶּה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 obl _ Gloss=mouth|Ref=JOS_10:39!8|MId=o060100390082|Strong=6310 18 חֶ֔רֶב חֶרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 17 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.[the].sword|Ref=JOS_10:39!9|MId=o060100390091|Strong=2719 19-20 וַֽיַּחֲרִ֙ימוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_10:39!10|MId=o060100390101|Strong=2050b 20 יַּחֲרִ֙ימוּ֙ חָרַם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.totally.destroyed|Ref=JOS_10:39!10|MId=o060100390102|Strong=2763|Frame=AA:060100380021;060100380041;A0:060100390131;|Type=wayyiqtol 21 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOS_10:39!11|MId=o060100390111|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 22 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 obj _ Gloss=every|Ref=JOS_10:39!12|MId=o060100390121|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 23 נֶ֣פֶשׁ נֶפֶשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 22 compound:smixut _ Gloss=person|Ref=JOS_10:39!13|MId=o060100390131|Strong=5315 24 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 26 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=JOS_10:39!14|MId=o060100390141|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 25-26 בָּ֔הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 בּ בְּ ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=[was].in|Ref=JOS_10:39!15|MId=o060100390151|Strong=0871a 26 ָ֔הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 acl:relcl _ Gloss=it|Ref=JOS_10:39!15|MId=o060100390152|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 27 לֹ֥א לֹא ADV _ _ 28 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=JOS_10:39!16|MId=o060100390161|Strong=3808|Type=negative 28 הִשְׁאִ֖יר שָׁאַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=he.left|Ref=JOS_10:39!17|MId=o060100390171|Strong=7604|Frame=AA:060100380021;A0:060100390181;|Type=qatal 29 שָׂרִ֑יד שָׂרִיד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 28 obj _ Gloss=a.survivor|Ref=JOS_10:39!18|MId=o060100390181|Strong=8300 30-31 כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 כַּ כְּ ADP _ _ 36 obl _ Gloss=just|Ref=JOS_10:39!19|MId=o060100390191|Strong=3509a 31 אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 32 mark _ Gloss=as|Ref=JOS_10:39!19|MId=o060100390192|Strong=0834|Type=relative 32 עָשָׂ֜ה עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 30 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.had.done|Ref=JOS_10:39!20|MId=o060100390201|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:060100380021;|Type=qatal 33-34 לְחֶבְר֗וֹן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 34 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_10:39!21|MId=o060100390211|Strong=3807a 34 חֶבְר֗וֹן חֶבְרוֹן PROPN _ _ 32 obl _ Gloss=Hebron|Ref=JOS_10:39!21|MId=o060100390212|Strong=2275 35 כֵּן־ כֵּן ADV _ _ 36 advmod _ Gloss=so|Ref=JOS_10:39!22|MId=o060100390221|Strong=3651|Type=demonstrative|SpaceAfter=No 36 עָשָׂ֤ה עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=he.did|Ref=JOS_10:39!23|MId=o060100390231|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:060100380021;|Type=qatal 37-39 לִדְבִ֙רָה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 38 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_10:39!24|MId=o060100390241|Strong=3807a 38 דְבִ֙ר דְּבִר PROPN _ _ 36 obl _ Gloss=Debir|Ref=JOS_10:39!24|MId=o060100390242|Strong=1688 39 ָה֙ ה X _ _ 38 nmod _ Gloss=|Ref=JOS_10:39!24|MId=o060100390243|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 40-43 וּלְמַלְכָּ֔הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 42 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_10:39!25|MId=o060100390251|Strong=2050b 41 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 42 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_10:39!25|MId=o060100390252|Strong=3807a 42 מַלְכּ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 38 conj _ Gloss=king|Ref=JOS_10:39!25|MId=o060100390253|Strong=4428 43 ָ֔הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 42 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=JOS_10:39!25|MId=o060100390254|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 44-46 וְכַאֲשֶׁ֥ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 45 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_10:39!26|MId=o060100390261|Strong=2050b 45 כַ כְּ ADP _ _ 36 conj _ Gloss=just|Ref=JOS_10:39!26|MId=o060100390262|Strong=3509a 46 אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 47 mark _ Gloss=as|Ref=JOS_10:39!26|MId=o060100390263|Strong=0834|Type=relative 47 עָשָׂ֛ה עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 45 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.had.done|Ref=JOS_10:39!27|MId=o060100390271|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:060100380021;|Type=qatal 48-49 לְלִבְנָ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 49 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_10:39!28|MId=o060100390281|Strong=3807a 49 לִבְנָ֖ה לִבְנָה PROPN _ _ 47 obl _ Gloss=Libnah|Ref=JOS_10:39!28|MId=o060100390282|Strong=3841 50-53 וּלְמַלְכָּֽהּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 52 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_10:39!29|MId=o060100390291|Strong=2050b 51 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 52 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_10:39!29|MId=o060100390292|Strong=3807a 52 מַלְכּ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 49 conj _ Gloss=king|Ref=JOS_10:39!29|MId=o060100390293|Strong=4428 53 ָֽהּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 52 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=JOS_10:39!29|MId=o060100390294|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 54 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 53 punct _ Ref=JOS_10:39!29 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּלְכְּד *he* | wayyiqtol · qal | | ָהּ *captured it* + מַלְכּ *king* + עָרֶי *cities* | | | | יַּכּוּ *they* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | ם *struck them down* | | | | | יַּחֲרִימוּ *they totally destroyed* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | נֶפֶשׁ *person* | | | | | **not** הִשְׁאִיר *he left* | qatal · hiphil | שָׂרִיד *a survivor* | | | | | עָשָׂה *he had done* | qatal · qal | | | | | | עָשָׂה *he did* | qatal · qal | | | | | | עָשָׂה *he had done* | qatal · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְכַבְשָׁהּ וְיַת מַלְכָּהּ וְיַת כָּל קִרְוָהָא וּמְחוֹנוּן לְפִּתְגַם דְחָרֶב וּגְמִירוּ יַת כָּל נַפְשָׁתָא דִי בָהּ לָא אַשְׁאַר מְשֵׁזִיב כְּמָא דַעֲבַד לְחֶבְרוֹן כֵּן עֲבַד לִדְבִיר וּלְמַלְכָּהּ וּכְמָא דַעֲבַד לְלִבְנָה וּלְמַלְכָּהּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And he took it, and the king thereof, and all the cities thereof; and they smote them with the edge of the sword, and utterly destroyed all the souls that were therein; he left none remaining; as he had done to Hebron, so he did to Debir, and to the king thereof; as he had done also to Libnah, and to the king thereof.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.261/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:251`. - ← previous: [Joshua 10:38](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.38/) - next →: [Joshua 10:40](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.40/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/10/)