--- title: Joshua 10:5 — Therefore the five kings of the Amorites, the king of Jerusalem, the… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Therefore the five kings of the Amorites, the king of Jerusalem, the king of Hebron, the king of Jarmuth, the king of Lachish, the king of Eglon, gathered themselves together, and went up, they and all their hosts, and encamped against Gibeon, and made war against it. Who acts: five kings, Amorites. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.5/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/10/) / 10:5 # Joshua 10:5 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ **Who acts:** five kings, Amorites · **What happens:** gather, go up, encamp, make · **To what, where:** Amorites, war This is Joshua 10:5 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — five kings, Amorites — and what happens in the verse to Amorites, war, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֵּאָסְפ֨וּ וַֽיַּעֲל֜וּ חֲמֵ֣שֶׁת ׀ מַלְכֵ֣י הָאֱמֹרִ֗י מֶ֣לֶךְ יְרוּשָׁלִַ֜ם מֶֽלֶךְ־חֶבְר֤וֹן מֶֽלֶךְ־יַרְמוּת֙ מֶֽלֶךְ־לָכִ֣ישׁ מֶֽלֶךְ־עֶגְל֔וֹן הֵ֖ם וְכָל־מַֽחֲנֵיהֶ֑ם וַֽיַּחֲנוּ֙ עַל־גִּבְע֔וֹן וַיִּֽלָּחֲמ֖וּ עָלֶֽיהָ׃ [Therefore the five kings of the Amorites, the king of Jerusalem, the king of Hebron, the king of Jarmuth, the king of Lachish, the king of Eglon, gathered themselves together, and went up, they and all their hosts, and encamped against Gibeon, and made war against it.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.225/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOS:217 # text = וַיֵּאָסְפ֨וּ וַֽיַּעֲל֜וּ חֲמֵ֣שֶׁת ׀ מַלְכֵ֣י הָאֱמֹרִ֗י מֶ֣לֶךְ יְרוּשָׁלִַ֜ם מֶֽלֶךְ־חֶבְר֤וֹן מֶֽלֶךְ־יַרְמוּת֙ מֶֽלֶךְ־לָכִ֣ישׁ מֶֽלֶךְ־עֶגְל֔וֹן הֵ֖ם וְכָל־מַֽחֲנֵיהֶ֑ם וַֽיַּחֲנוּ֙ עַל־גִּבְע֔וֹן וַיִּֽלָּחֲמ֖וּ עָלֶֽיהָ׃ # verse = JOS.10.5 1-2 וַיֵּאָסְפ֨וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_10:5!1|MId=o060100050011|Strong=2050b 2 יֵּאָסְפ֨וּ אָסַף VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.gathered|Ref=JOS_10:5!1|MId=o060100050012|Strong=0622|Frame=A1:060100050041;060100050181;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 וַֽיַּעֲל֜וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 4 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_10:5!2|MId=o060100050021|Strong=2050b 4 יַּעֲל֜וּ עָלָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.went.up|Ref=JOS_10:5!2|MId=o060100050022|Strong=5927|Frame=A0:060100050041;060100050181;|Type=wayyiqtol 5 חֲמֵ֣שֶׁת חָמֵשׁ NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 nummod _ Gloss=the.five|Ref=JOS_10:5!3|MId=o060100050031|Strong=2568|Type=cardinal_number 6 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 5 punct _ Ref=JOS_10:5!3 7 מַלְכֵ֣י מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ Gloss=the.kings|Ref=JOS_10:5!4|MId=o060100050041|Strong=4428 8-9 הָאֱמֹרִ֗י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JOS_10:5!5|MId=o060100050051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 אֱמֹרִ֗י אֱמֹרִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.Amorite[s]|Ref=JOS_10:5!5|MId=o060100050052|Strong=0567|Type=gentilic 10 מֶ֣לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 appos _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=JOS_10:5!6|MId=o060100050061|Strong=4428 11 יְרוּשָׁלִַ֜ם יְרוּשָׁלִַ͏ם PROPN _ _ 10 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Jerusalem|Ref=JOS_10:5!7|MId=o060100050071|Strong=3389 12 מֶֽלֶךְ־ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 conj _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=JOS_10:5!8|MId=o060100050081|Strong=4428|SpaceAfter=No 13 חֶבְר֤וֹן חֶבְרוֹן PROPN _ _ 12 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Hebron|Ref=JOS_10:5!9|MId=o060100050091|Strong=2275 14 מֶֽלֶךְ־ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 conj _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=JOS_10:5!10|MId=o060100050101|Strong=4428|SpaceAfter=No 15 יַרְמוּת֙ יַרְמוּת PROPN _ _ 14 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Jarmuth|Ref=JOS_10:5!11|MId=o060100050111|Strong=3412 16 מֶֽלֶךְ־ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 conj _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=JOS_10:5!12|MId=o060100050121|Strong=4428|SpaceAfter=No 17 לָכִ֣ישׁ לָכִישׁ PROPN _ _ 16 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Lachish|Ref=JOS_10:5!13|MId=o060100050131|Strong=3923 18 מֶֽלֶךְ־ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 conj _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=JOS_10:5!14|MId=o060100050141|Strong=4428|SpaceAfter=No 19 עֶגְל֔וֹן עֶגְלוֹן PROPN _ _ 18 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Eglon|Ref=JOS_10:5!15|MId=o060100050151|Strong=5700a 20 הֵ֖ם הֵם PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 nmod:poss _ Gloss=they|Ref=JOS_10:5!16|MId=o060100050161|Strong=1992|Type=personal 21-22 וְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_10:5!17|MId=o060100050171|Strong=2050b 22 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 conj _ Gloss=all|Ref=JOS_10:5!17|MId=o060100050172|Strong=3605 23-24 מַֽחֲנֵיהֶ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 מַֽחֲנֵי מַחֲנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 22 compound:smixut _ Gloss=armies|Ref=JOS_10:5!18|MId=o060100050181|Strong=4264 24 הֶ֑ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=JOS_10:5!18|MId=o060100050182|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 25-26 וַֽיַּחֲנוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_10:5!19|MId=o060100050191|Strong=2050b 26 יַּחֲנוּ֙ חָנָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.encamped|Ref=JOS_10:5!19|MId=o060100050192|Strong=2583|Frame=A0:060100050041;060100050181;|Type=wayyiqtol 27 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JOS_10:5!20|MId=o060100050201|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 28 גִּבְע֔וֹן גִּבְעוֹן PROPN _ _ 26 obl _ Gloss=Gibeon|Ref=JOS_10:5!21|MId=o060100050211|Strong=1391 29-30 וַיִּֽלָּחֲמ֖וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 30 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_10:5!22|MId=o060100050221|Strong=2050b 30 יִּֽלָּחֲמ֖וּ לָחַם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.waged.war|Ref=JOS_10:5!22|MId=o060100050222|Strong=3898|Frame=A0:060100050041;060100050181;|Type=wayyiqtol 31-32 עָלֶֽיהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 עָלֶֽי עַל ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JOS_10:5!23|MId=o060100050231|Strong=5921 32 הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 obl _ Gloss=it|Ref=JOS_10:5!23|MId=o060100050232|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 33 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 32 punct _ Ref=JOS_10:5!23 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֵּאָסְפוּ *they gathered* | wayyiqtol · niphal | | מַלְכֵי *the kings* + מַֽחֲנֵי *armies* | | | | יַּעֲלוּ *they went up* | wayyiqtol · qal | מַלְכֵי *the kings* + מַֽחֲנֵי *armies* | | | | | יַּחֲנוּ *they encamped* | wayyiqtol · qal | מַלְכֵי *the kings* + מַֽחֲנֵי *armies* | | | | | יִּֽלָּחֲמוּ *they waged war* | wayyiqtol · niphal | מַלְכֵי *the kings* + מַֽחֲנֵי *armies* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְאִתְכְּנָשׁוּ וּסְלִיקוּ חַמְשָׁא מַלְכֵי אֱמוֹרָאָה מַלְכָּא דִירוּשְׁלֵם מַלְכָּא דְחֶבְרוֹן מַלְכָּא דְיַרְמוּת מַלְכָּא דְלָכִישׁ מַלְכָּא דְעֶגְלוֹן אִינוּן וְכָל מַשִׁרְיַתְהוֹן וּשְׁרוֹ עַל גִבְעוֹן וְאַגִיחוּ קְרָבָא עֲלָה: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Therefore the five kings of the Amorites, the king of Jerusalem, the king of Hebron, the king of Jarmuth, the king of Lachish, the king of Eglon, gathered themselves together, and went up, they and all their hosts, and encamped against Gibeon, and made war against it.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.225/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:217`. - ← previous: [Joshua 10:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.4/) - next →: [Joshua 10:6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.6/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/10/)