--- title: Joshua 10:6 — And the men of Gibeon sent unto Joshua to the camp to Gilgal, saying… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the men of Gibeon sent unto Joshua to the camp to Gilgal, saying: 'Slack not thy hands from thy servants; come up to us quickly, and save us, and help us; for all the kings of the Amorites that dwell in the hill-country are gathered together against us.' Who acts: men, Amorites. Joshua 10:6 in H --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.6/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/10/) / 10:6 # Joshua 10:6 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ **Who acts:** men, Amorites · **What happens:** send, say, not slack, come up, save, help · **To what, where:** camp, hands, servants, us, hill country, kings · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Joshua 10:6 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — men, Amorites — and what happens in the verse to camp, hands, servants, us, hill country, kings, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּשְׁלְח֣וּ אַנְשֵׁי֩ גִבְע֨וֹן אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֤עַ אֶל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶה֙ הַגִּלְגָּ֣לָה לֵאמֹ֔ר אַל־תֶּ֥רֶף יָדֶ֖יךָ מֵֽעֲבָדֶ֑יךָ עֲלֵ֧ה אֵלֵ֣ינוּ מְהֵרָ֗ה וְהוֹשִׁ֤יעָה לָּ֙נוּ֙ וְעָזְרֵ֔נוּ כִּ֚י נִקְבְּצ֣וּ אֵלֵ֔ינוּ כָּל־מַלְכֵ֥י הָאֱמֹרִ֖י יֹשְׁבֵ֥י הָהָֽר׃ [And the men of Gibeon sent unto Joshua to the camp to Gilgal, saying: 'Slack not thy hands from thy servants; come up to us quickly, and save us, and help us; for all the kings of the Amorites that dwell in the hill-country are gathered together against us.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.226/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOS:218 # text = וַיִּשְׁלְח֣וּ אַנְשֵׁי֩ גִבְע֨וֹן אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֤עַ אֶל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶה֙ הַגִּלְגָּ֣לָה לֵאמֹ֔ר אַל־תֶּ֥רֶף יָדֶ֖יךָ מֵֽעֲבָדֶ֑יךָ עֲלֵ֧ה אֵלֵ֣ינוּ מְהֵרָ֗ה וְהוֹשִׁ֤יעָה לָּ֙נוּ֙ וְעָזְרֵ֔נוּ כִּ֚י נִקְבְּצ֣וּ אֵלֵ֔ינוּ כָּל־מַלְכֵ֥י הָאֱמֹרִ֖י יֹשְׁבֵ֥י הָהָֽר׃ # verse = JOS.10.6 1-2 וַיִּשְׁלְח֣וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_10:6!1|MId=o060100060011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּשְׁלְח֣וּ שָׁלַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.sent|Ref=JOS_10:6!1|MId=o060100060012|Strong=7971|Frame=A0:060100060021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 אַנְשֵׁי֩ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ Gloss=the.men|Ref=JOS_10:6!2|MId=o060100060021|Strong=0376 4 גִבְע֨וֹן גִּבְעוֹן PROPN _ _ 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Gibeon|Ref=JOS_10:6!3|MId=o060100060031|Strong=1391 5 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_10:6!4|MId=o060100060041|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 6 יְהוֹשֻׁ֤עַ יְהֹושֻׁעַ PROPN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=Joshua|Ref=JOS_10:6!5|MId=o060100060051|Strong=3091 7 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_10:6!6|MId=o060100060061|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 8-9 הַֽמַּחֲנֶה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 הַֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_10:6!7|MId=o060100060071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 מַּחֲנֶה֙ מַחֲנֶה NOUN _ Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=camp|Ref=JOS_10:6!7|MId=o060100060072|Strong=4264 10-12 הַגִּלְגָּ֣לָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 11 det _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_10:6!8|MId=o060100060081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 11 גִּלְגָּ֣ל גִּלְגָּל PROPN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JOS_10:6!8|MId=o060100060082|Strong=1537 12 ָה ה X _ _ 11 nmod _ Gloss=Gilgal|Ref=JOS_10:6!8|MId=o060100060083|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 13-14 לֵאמֹ֔ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 לֵ לְ ADP _ ExtPos=SCONJ 16 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=JOS_10:6!9|MId=o060100060091|Strong=3807a 14 אמֹ֔ר אָמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 13 fixed _ Gloss=|Ref=JOS_10:6!9|MId=o060100060092|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:060100060021;|Type=infinitive_construct 15 אַל־ אַל ADV _ _ 16 advmod _ Gloss=do.not|Ref=JOS_10:6!10|MId=o060100060101|Strong=0408|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 16 תֶּ֥רֶף רָפָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 advcl _ Gloss=let.drop|Ref=JOS_10:6!11|MId=o060100060111|Strong=7503|Frame=AA:060100060051;A0:060100060121;|Type=jussive 17-18 יָדֶ֖יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 יָדֶ֖י יָד NOUN _ Number=Dual 16 obj _ Gloss=hands|Ref=JOS_10:6!12|MId=o060100060121|Strong=3027 18 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 17 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=JOS_10:6!12|MId=o060100060122|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 19-21 מֵֽעֲבָדֶ֑יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 מֵֽ מִן ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JOS_10:6!13|MId=o060100060131|Strong=4480 20 עֲבָדֶ֑י עֶבֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 16 obl _ Gloss=servants|Ref=JOS_10:6!13|MId=o060100060132|Strong=5650 21 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 20 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=JOS_10:6!13|MId=o060100060133|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 22 עֲלֵ֧ה עָלָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 parataxis _ Gloss=come.up|Ref=JOS_10:6!14|MId=o060100060141|Strong=5927|Frame=A0:060100060051;|Type=imperative 23-24 אֵלֵ֣ינוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 אֵלֵ֣י אֶל ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_10:6!15|MId=o060100060151|Strong=0413 24 נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 22 obl _ Gloss=us|Ref=JOS_10:6!15|MId=o060100060152|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 25 מְהֵרָ֗ה מְהֵרָה ADV _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 22 advmod _ Gloss=quickly|Ref=JOS_10:6!16|MId=o060100060161|Strong=4120 26-28 וְהוֹשִׁ֤יעָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_10:6!17|MId=o060100060171|Strong=2050b 27 הוֹשִׁ֤יע יָשַׁע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 conj _ Gloss=save|Ref=JOS_10:6!17|MId=o060100060172|Strong=3467|Frame=A0:060100060051;|Type=imperative 28 ָה ה X _ _ 27 nmod _ Gloss=|Ref=JOS_10:6!17|MId=o060100060173|Strong=1886j|Type=paragogic_he 29-30 לָּ֙נוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 לּ לְ ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=(to)|Ref=JOS_10:6!18|MId=o060100060181|Strong=3807a 30 ָ֙נוּ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 27 obl _ Gloss=us|Ref=JOS_10:6!18|MId=o060100060182|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 31-33 וְעָזְרֵ֔נוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 32 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_10:6!19|MId=o060100060191|Strong=2050b 32 עָזְר עָזַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 conj _ Gloss=help|Ref=JOS_10:6!19|MId=o060100060192|Strong=5826|Frame=A0:060100060051;A1:060100060193;|Type=imperative 33 ֵ֔נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 32 obj _ Gloss=us|Ref=JOS_10:6!19|MId=o060100060193|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 34 כִּ֚י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 35 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=JOS_10:6!20|MId=o060100060201|Strong=3588 35 נִקְבְּצ֣וּ קָבַץ VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 advcl _ Gloss=they.have.gathered.together|Ref=JOS_10:6!21|MId=o060100060211|Strong=6908|Frame=A0:060100060241;|Type=qatal 36-37 אֵלֵ֔ינוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 אֵלֵ֔י אֶל ADP _ _ 37 case _ Gloss=against|Ref=JOS_10:6!22|MId=o060100060221|Strong=0413 37 נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 35 obl _ Gloss=us|Ref=JOS_10:6!22|MId=o060100060222|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 38 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 35 nsubj _ Gloss=all|Ref=JOS_10:6!23|MId=o060100060231|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 39 מַלְכֵ֥י מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 38 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.kings|Ref=JOS_10:6!24|MId=o060100060241|Strong=4428 40-41 הָאֱמֹרִ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 41 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JOS_10:6!25|MId=o060100060251|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 41 אֱמֹרִ֖י אֱמֹרִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 39 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.Amorite[s]|Ref=JOS_10:6!25|MId=o060100060252|Strong=0567|Type=gentilic 42 יֹשְׁבֵ֥י יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 39 appos _ Gloss=[who].dwell|Ref=JOS_10:6!26|MId=o060100060261|Strong=3427|Frame=A0:060100060241;|Type=participle_active 43-44 הָהָֽר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 44 det _ Gloss=(of).the|Ref=JOS_10:6!27|MId=o060100060271|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 44 הָֽר הַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 42 compound:smixut _ Gloss=hill.country|Ref=JOS_10:6!27|MId=o060100060272|Strong=2022 45 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 44 punct _ Ref=JOS_10:6!27 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּשְׁלְחוּ *they sent* | wayyiqtol · qal | אַנְשֵׁי *the men* | | | | | אמֹר | infinitive construct · qal | אַנְשֵׁי *the men* | | | | | **not** תֶּרֶף *let drop* | jussive · hiphil | יָדֶי *hands* | | | יְהוֹשֻׁעַ *Joshua* | | עֲלֵה *come up* | imperative · qal | יְהוֹשֻׁעַ *Joshua* | | | | | הוֹשִׁיע *save* | imperative · hiphil | יְהוֹשֻׁעַ *Joshua* | | | | | עָזְר *help* | imperative · qal | יְהוֹשֻׁעַ *Joshua* | ֵנוּ *us* | | | | נִקְבְּצוּ *they have gathered together* | qatal · niphal | מַלְכֵי *the kings* | | | | | יֹשְׁבֵי *\[who\] dwell* | participle active · qal | מַלְכֵי *the kings* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּשְׁלַחוּ אֲנָשֵׁי גִבְעוֹן לְוַת יְהוֹשֻׁעַ לְמַשְׁרִיתָא לְגִלְגָלָא לְמֵיְמַר לָא תְרַשֵׁל יְדָךְ מַעֲבְדָךְ סַק לְוָתָנָא בִּפְרִיעַ וּפְרוֹק לָנָא וְסַעֲדָנָא אֲרֵי אִתְכְּנָשׁוּ עֲלָנָא כָּל מַלְכֵי אֱמוֹרָאָה יַתְבֵי טוּרָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the men of Gibeon sent unto Joshua to the camp to Gilgal, saying: 'Slack not thy hands from thy servants; come up to us quickly, and save us, and help us; for all the kings of the Amorites that dwell in the hill-country are gathered together against us.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.226/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:218`. - ← previous: [Joshua 10:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.5/) - next →: [Joshua 10:7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.7/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/10/)