--- title: Joshua 10:8 — And the LORD said unto Joshua: 'Fear them not; for I have delivered… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the LORD said unto Joshua: 'Fear them not; for I have delivered them into thy hand; there shall not a man of them stand against thee.' Who acts: LORD, I, man. Joshua 10:8 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/10/) / 10:8 # Joshua 10:8 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ **Who acts:** LORD, I, man · **What happens:** say, not fear, deliver, not stand · **To what, where:** men, hand, thee · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Joshua 10:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — LORD, I, man — and what happens in the verse to men, hand, thee, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֤ה אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ אַל־תִּירָ֣א מֵהֶ֔ם כִּ֥י בְיָדְךָ֖ נְתַתִּ֑ים לֹֽא־יַעֲמֹ֥ד אִ֛ישׁ מֵהֶ֖ם בְּפָנֶֽיךָ׃ [And the LORD said unto Joshua: 'Fear them not; for I have delivered them into thy hand; there shall not a man of them stand against thee.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.228/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOS:220 # text = וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֤ה אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ אַל־תִּירָ֣א מֵהֶ֔ם כִּ֥י בְיָדְךָ֖ נְתַתִּ֑ים לֹֽא־יַעֲמֹ֥ד אִ֛ישׁ מֵהֶ֖ם בְּפָנֶֽיךָ׃ # verse = JOS.10.8 1-2 וַיֹּ֨אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_10:8!1|MId=o060100080011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֨אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=JOS_10:8!1|MId=o060100080012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:060100080021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 יְהוָ֤ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=JOS_10:8!2|MId=o060100080021|Strong=3068 4 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_10:8!3|MId=o060100080031|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 5 יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ יְהֹושֻׁעַ PROPN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=Joshua|Ref=JOS_10:8!4|MId=o060100080041|Strong=3091 6 אַל־ אַל ADV _ _ 7 advmod _ Gloss=do.not|Ref=JOS_10:8!5|MId=o060100080051|Strong=0408|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 7 תִּירָ֣א יָרֵא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 ccomp _ Gloss=be.afraid|Ref=JOS_10:8!6|MId=o060100080061|Strong=3372|Frame=A0:060100080041;|Type=jussive 8-9 מֵהֶ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JOS_10:8!7|MId=o060100080071|Strong=4480 9 הֶ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=JOS_10:8!7|MId=o060100080072|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 10 כִּ֥י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 14 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=JOS_10:8!8|MId=o060100080081|Strong=3588 11-13 בְיָדְךָ֖ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 בְ בְּ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JOS_10:8!9|MId=o060100080091|Strong=0871a 12 יָד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 14 obl _ Gloss=hand|Ref=JOS_10:8!9|MId=o060100080092|Strong=3027 13 ְךָ֖ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 12 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=JOS_10:8!9|MId=o060100080093|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 14-15 נְתַתִּ֑ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 נְתַתִּ֑י נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 7 advcl _ Gloss=I|Ref=JOS_10:8!10|MId=o060100080101|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:060100080021;A1:060100080102;|Type=qatal 15 ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 obj _ Gloss=have.given.them|Ref=JOS_10:8!10|MId=o060100080102|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 16 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 17 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=JOS_10:8!11|MId=o060100080111|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 17 יַעֲמֹ֥ד עָמַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 7 parataxis _ Gloss=he.will.make.a.stand|Ref=JOS_10:8!12|MId=o060100080121|Strong=5975|Frame=A0:060100080131;|Type=yiqtol 18 אִ֛ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 nsubj _ Gloss=anyone|Ref=JOS_10:8!13|MId=o060100080131|Strong=0376 19-20 מֵהֶ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=of|Ref=JOS_10:8!14|MId=o060100080141|Strong=4480 20 הֶ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nmod _ Gloss=them|Ref=JOS_10:8!14|MId=o060100080142|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 21-23 בְּפָנֶֽיךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JOS_10:8!15|MId=o060100080151|Strong=0871a 22 פָנֶֽי פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 17 obl _ Gloss=face|Ref=JOS_10:8!15|MId=o060100080152|Strong=6440 23 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 22 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=JOS_10:8!15|MId=o060100080153|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 24 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 23 punct _ Ref=JOS_10:8!15 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | | **not** תִּירָא *be afraid* | jussive · qal | יְהוֹשֻׁעַ *Joshua* | | | | | נְתַתִּי *I* | qatal · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | ם *have given them* | | | | **not** יַעֲמֹד *he will make a stand* | yiqtol · qal | אִישׁ *anyone* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר יְיָ לִיהוֹשֻׁעַ לָא תִדְחַל מִנְהוֹן אֲרֵי בִּידָךְ מְסַרְתִּינוּן לָא יִתְעַתַּד אֱנַשׁ מִנְהוֹן קָדָמָךְ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the LORD said unto Joshua: 'Fear them not; for I have delivered them into thy hand; there shall not a man of them stand against thee.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.228/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:220`. - ← previous: [Joshua 10:7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.7/) - next →: [Joshua 10:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.9/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/10/)