--- title: Joshua 10:9 — Joshua therefore came upon them suddenly; for he went up from Gilgal… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Joshua therefore came upon them suddenly; for he went up from Gilgal all the night. Who acts: Joshua. Joshua 10:9 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/10/) / 10:9 # Joshua 10:9 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ **Who acts:** Joshua · **What happens:** come, go up · **To what, where:** Gilgal This is Joshua 10:9 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Joshua — and what happens in the verse to Gilgal, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיָּבֹ֧א אֲלֵיהֶ֛ם יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ פִּתְאֹ֑ם כָּל־הַלַּ֕יְלָה עָלָ֖ה מִן־הַגִּלְגָּֽל׃ [Joshua therefore came upon them suddenly; for he went up from Gilgal all the night.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.229/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOS:221 # text = וַיָּבֹ֧א אֲלֵיהֶ֛ם יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ פִּתְאֹ֑ם כָּל־הַלַּ֕יְלָה עָלָ֖ה מִן־הַגִּלְגָּֽל׃ # verse = JOS.10.9 1-2 וַיָּבֹ֧א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_10:9!1|MId=o060100090011|Strong=2050b 2 יָּבֹ֧א בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.came|Ref=JOS_10:9!1|MId=o060100090012|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:060100090031;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 אֲלֵיהֶ֛ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 אֲלֵי אֶל ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_10:9!2|MId=o060100090021|Strong=0413 4 הֶ֛ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=JOS_10:9!2|MId=o060100090022|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 5 יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ יְהֹושֻׁעַ PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Joshua|Ref=JOS_10:9!3|MId=o060100090031|Strong=3091 6 פִּתְאֹ֑ם פִּתְאֹם ADV _ _ 2 advmod _ Gloss=suddenly|Ref=JOS_10:9!4|MId=o060100090041|Strong=6597 7 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=JOS_10:9!5|MId=o060100090051|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 8-9 הַלַּ֕יְלָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_10:9!6|MId=o060100090061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 לַּ֕יְלָה לַיְלָה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=night|Ref=JOS_10:9!6|MId=o060100090062|Strong=3915 10 עָלָ֖ה עָלָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=he.had.gone.up|Ref=JOS_10:9!7|MId=o060100090071|Strong=5927|Frame=A0:060100090031;|Type=qatal 11 מִן־ מִן ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JOS_10:9!8|MId=o060100090081|Strong=4480|SpaceAfter=No 12-13 הַגִּלְגָּֽל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 13 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JOS_10:9!9|MId=o060100090091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 13 גִּלְגָּֽל גִּלְגָּל PROPN _ _ 10 obl _ Gloss=Gilgal|Ref=JOS_10:9!9|MId=o060100090092|Strong=1537 14 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 13 punct _ Ref=JOS_10:9!9 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יָּבֹא *he came* | wayyiqtol · qal | יְהוֹשֻׁעַ *Joshua* | | | | | עָלָה *he had gone up* | qatal · qal | יְהוֹשֻׁעַ *Joshua* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲתָא לְוַתְהוֹן יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בִּתְכֵּיף כָּל לֵילְיָא סְלִיק מִן גִלְגְלָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Joshua therefore came upon them suddenly; for he went up from Gilgal all the night.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.229/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:221`. - ← previous: [Joshua 10:8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.8/) - next →: [Joshua 10:10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.10.10/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/10/)