--- title: Joshua 11:16 — So Joshua took all that land, the hill-country, and all the South, a… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: So Joshua took all that land, the hill-country, and all the South, and all the land of Goshen, and the Lowland, and the Arabah, and the hill-country of Israel, and the Lowland of the same; Who acts: Joshua. Joshua 11:16 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.11.16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/11/) / 11:16 # Joshua 11:16 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ **Who acts:** Joshua · **What happens:** take · **To what, where:** land This is Joshua 11:16 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Joshua — and what happens in the verse to land, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּקַּ֨ח יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ אֶת־כָּל־הָאָ֣רֶץ הַזֹּ֗את הָהָ֤ר וְאֶת־כָּל־הַנֶּ֙גֶב֙ וְאֵת֙ כָּל־אֶ֣רֶץ הַגֹּ֔שֶׁן וְאֶת־הַשְּׁפֵלָ֖ה וְאֶת־הָעֲרָבָ֑ה וְאֶת־הַ֥ר יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וּשְׁפֵלָתֹֽה׃ [So Joshua took all that land, the hill-country, and all the South, and all the land of Goshen, and the Lowland, and the Arabah, and the hill-country of Israel, and the Lowland of the same;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.281/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOS:271 # text = וַיִּקַּ֨ח יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ אֶת־כָּל־הָאָ֣רֶץ הַזֹּ֗את הָהָ֤ר וְאֶת־כָּל־הַנֶּ֙גֶב֙ וְאֵת֙ כָּל־אֶ֣רֶץ הַגֹּ֔שֶׁן וְאֶת־הַשְּׁפֵלָ֖ה וְאֶת־הָעֲרָבָ֑ה וְאֶת־הַ֥ר יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וּשְׁפֵלָתֹֽה׃ # verse = JOS.11.16 1-2 וַיִּקַּ֨ח _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_11:16!1|MId=o060110160011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּקַּ֨ח לָקַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.took|Ref=JOS_11:16!1|MId=o060110160012|Strong=3947|Frame=A0:060110160021;A1:060110160052;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ יְהֹושֻׁעַ PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Joshua|Ref=JOS_11:16!2|MId=o060110160021|Strong=3091 4 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOS_11:16!3|MId=o060110160031|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 5 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obj _ Gloss=all|Ref=JOS_11:16!4|MId=o060110160041|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 6-7 הָאָ֣רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_11:16!5|MId=o060110160051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 אָ֣רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=land|Ref=JOS_11:16!5|MId=o060110160052|Strong=0776 8-9 הַזֹּ֗את _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JOS_11:16!6|MId=o060110160061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 זֹּ֗את זֹאת DET _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 7 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=JOS_11:16!6|MId=o060110160062|Strong=2063|Type=demonstrative 10-11 הָהָ֤ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 11 det _ Gloss=the.hill|Ref=JOS_11:16!7|MId=o060110160071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 11 הָ֤ר הַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 appos _ Gloss=country|Ref=JOS_11:16!7|MId=o060110160072|Strong=2022 12-13 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_11:16!8|MId=o060110160081|Strong=2050b 13 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOS_11:16!8|MId=o060110160082|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 14 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 conj _ Gloss=all|Ref=JOS_11:16!9|MId=o060110160091|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 15-16 הַנֶּ֙גֶב֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_11:16!10|MId=o060110160101|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 16 נֶּ֙גֶב֙ נֶגֶב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Negev|Ref=JOS_11:16!10|MId=o060110160102|Strong=5045 17-18 וְאֵת֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_11:16!11|MId=o060110160111|Strong=2050b 18 אֵת֙ אֵת ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOS_11:16!11|MId=o060110160112|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 19 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 conj _ Gloss=all|Ref=JOS_11:16!12|MId=o060110160121|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 20 אֶ֣רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 19 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.land|Ref=JOS_11:16!13|MId=o060110160131|Strong=0776 21-22 הַגֹּ֔שֶׁן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 22 det _ Gloss=of.(the)|Ref=JOS_11:16!14|MId=o060110160141|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 22 גֹּ֔שֶׁן גֹּשֶׁן PROPN _ _ 20 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Goshen|Ref=JOS_11:16!14|MId=o060110160142|Strong=1657 23-24 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_11:16!15|MId=o060110160151|Strong=2050b 24 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOS_11:16!15|MId=o060110160152|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 25-26 הַשְּׁפֵלָ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 26 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_11:16!16|MId=o060110160161|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 26 שְּׁפֵלָ֖ה שְׁפֵלָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 11 conj _ Gloss=Shephelah|Ref=JOS_11:16!16|MId=o060110160162|Strong=8219 27-28 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 30 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_11:16!17|MId=o060110160171|Strong=2050b 28 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOS_11:16!17|MId=o060110160172|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 29-30 הָעֲרָבָ֑ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 30 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_11:16!18|MId=o060110160181|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 30 עֲרָבָ֑ה עֲרָבָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 11 conj _ Gloss=Arabah|Ref=JOS_11:16!18|MId=o060110160182|Strong=6160 31-32 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 33 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_11:16!19|MId=o060110160191|Strong=2050b 32 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 33 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOS_11:16!19|MId=o060110160192|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 33 הַ֥ר הַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 conj _ Gloss=the.hill.country|Ref=JOS_11:16!20|MId=o060110160201|Strong=2022 34 יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 33 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=JOS_11:16!21|MId=o060110160211|Strong=3478 35-37 וּשְׁפֵלָתֹֽה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 36 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_11:16!22|MId=o060110160221|Strong=2050b 36 שְׁפֵלָת שְׁפֵלָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 33 conj _ Gloss=Shephelah|Ref=JOS_11:16!22|MId=o060110160222|Strong=8219 37 ֹֽה הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 36 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=JOS_11:16!22|MId=o060110160223|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 38 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 37 punct _ Ref=JOS_11:16!22 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּקַּח *he took* | wayyiqtol · qal | יְהוֹשֻׁעַ *Joshua* | אָרֶץ *land* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְאַחְסִין יְהוֹשֻׁעַ יַת כָּל אַרְעָא הָדָא טוּרָא וְיַת כָּל דָרוֹמָא וְיַת כָּל אַרְעָא דְגוֹשֶׁן וְיַת שְׁפֶלְתָּא וְיַת מֵישְׁרָא וְיַת טוּרָא דְיִשְׂרָאֵל וּשְׁפֵלָתֵיהּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [So Joshua took all that land, the hill-country, and all the South, and all the land of Goshen, and the Lowland, and the Arabah, and the hill-country of Israel, and the Lowland of the same;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.281/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:271`. - ← previous: [Joshua 11:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.11.15/) - next →: [Joshua 11:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.11.17/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/11/)