--- title: Joshua 11:4 — And they went out, they and all their hosts with them, much people,… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And they went out, they and all their hosts with them, much people, even as the sand that is upon the sea-shore in multitude, with horses and chariots very many. Who acts: country, sand. Joshua 11:4 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.11.4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/11/) / 11:4 # Joshua 11:4 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ **Who acts:** country, sand · **What happens:** go out, be · **To what, where:** multitude This is Joshua 11:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — country, sand — and what happens in the verse to multitude, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֵּצְא֣וּ הֵ֗ם וְכָל־מַֽחֲנֵיהֶם֙ עִמָּ֔ם עַם־רָ֕ב כַּח֛וֹל אֲשֶׁ֥ר עַל־שְׂפַת־הַיָּ֖ם לָרֹ֑ב וְס֥וּס וָרֶ֖כֶב רַב־מְאֹֽד׃ [And they went out, they and all their hosts with them, much people, even as the sand that is upon the sea-shore in multitude, with horses and chariots very many.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.269/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOS:259 # text = וַיֵּצְא֣וּ הֵ֗ם וְכָל־מַֽחֲנֵיהֶם֙ עִמָּ֔ם עַם־רָ֕ב כַּח֛וֹל אֲשֶׁ֥ר עַל־שְׂפַת־הַיָּ֖ם לָרֹ֑ב וְס֥וּס וָרֶ֖כֶב רַב־מְאֹֽד׃ # verse = JOS.11.4 1-2 וַיֵּצְא֣וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_11:4!1|MId=o060110040011|Strong=2050b 2 יֵּצְא֣וּ יָצָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.came.out|Ref=JOS_11:4!1|MId=o060110040012|Strong=3318|Frame=A0:060110040021;060110040041;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 הֵ֗ם הֵם PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ Gloss=they|Ref=JOS_11:4!2|MId=o060110040021|Strong=1992|Type=personal 4-5 וְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 5 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_11:4!3|MId=o060110040031|Strong=2050b 5 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 conj _ Gloss=all|Ref=JOS_11:4!3|MId=o060110040032|Strong=3605 6-7 מַֽחֲנֵיהֶם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 מַֽחֲנֵי מַחֲנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=armies|Ref=JOS_11:4!4|MId=o060110040041|Strong=4264 7 הֶם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=JOS_11:4!4|MId=o060110040042|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 8-9 עִמָּ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 עִמּ עִם ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=JOS_11:4!5|MId=o060110040051|Strong=5973 9 ָ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 nmod _ Gloss=them|Ref=JOS_11:4!5|MId=o060110040052|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 10 עַם־ עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 parataxis _ Gloss=a.people|Ref=JOS_11:4!6|MId=o060110040061|Strong=5971|SpaceAfter=No 11 רָ֕ב רַב ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 amod _ Gloss=numerous|Ref=JOS_11:4!7|MId=o060110040071|Strong=7227|Type=adjective 12-14 כַּח֛וֹל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 כַּ כְּ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=JOS_11:4!8|MId=o060110040081|Strong=3509a 13 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 14 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_11:4!8|MId=o060110040081ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 14 ח֛וֹל חוֹל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 nmod _ Gloss=sand|Ref=JOS_11:4!8|MId=o060110040082|Strong=2344 15 אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 17 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=JOS_11:4!9|MId=o060110040091|Strong=0834|Type=relative 16 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=[is].on|Ref=JOS_11:4!10|MId=o060110040101|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 17 שְׂפַת־ שָׂפָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 14 acl:relcl _ Gloss=the.shore|Ref=JOS_11:4!11|MId=o060110040111|Strong=8193|SpaceAfter=No 18-19 הַיָּ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 19 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JOS_11:4!12|MId=o060110040121|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 19 יָּ֖ם יָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.sea|Ref=JOS_11:4!12|MId=o060110040122|Strong=3220 20-21 לָרֹ֑ב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=JOS_11:4!13|MId=o060110040131|Strong=3807a 21 רֹ֑ב רֹב NOUN _ Number=Sing 14 nmod _ Gloss=multitude|Ref=JOS_11:4!13|MId=o060110040132|Strong=7230 22-23 וְס֥וּס _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_11:4!14|MId=o060110040141|Strong=2050b 23 ס֥וּס סוּס NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 conj _ Gloss=horse[s]|Ref=JOS_11:4!14|MId=o060110040142|Strong=5483 24-25 וָרֶ֖כֶב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_11:4!15|MId=o060110040151|Strong=2050b 25 רֶ֖כֶב רֶכֶב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 23 conj _ Gloss=chariot[s]|Ref=JOS_11:4!15|MId=o060110040152|Strong=7393 26 רַב־ רַב ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 23 amod _ Gloss=many|Ref=JOS_11:4!16|MId=o060110040161|Strong=7227|Type=adjective|SpaceAfter=No 27 מְאֹֽד מְאֹד ADV _ _ 26 advmod _ Gloss=very|Ref=JOS_11:4!17|MId=o060110040171|Strong=3966|SpaceAfter=No 28 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 27 punct _ Ref=JOS_11:4!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֵּצְאוּ *they came out* | wayyiqtol · qal | הֵם *they* + מַֽחֲנֵי *armies* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּנְפָקוּ אִינוּן וְכָל מַשִׁרְיַתְהוֹן עִמְהוֹן עַם סַגִי כְּחָלָא דְעַל כֵּיף יַמָא לִסְגֵי וְסוּסְוַן וּרְתִיכוּן סַגִי לַחֲדָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And they went out, they and all their hosts with them, much people, even as the sand that is upon the sea-shore in multitude, with horses and chariots very many.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.269/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:259`. - ← previous: [Joshua 11:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.11.3/) - next →: [Joshua 11:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.11.5/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/11/)