--- title: Joshua 11:9 — And Joshua did unto them as the LORD bade him; he houghed their hors… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Joshua did unto them as the LORD bade him; he houghed their horses, and burnt their chariots with fire. Who acts: Joshua, LORD. Joshua 11:9 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.11.9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/11/) / 11:9 # Joshua 11:9 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ **Who acts:** Joshua, LORD · **What happens:** do, bade, hough, burnt · **To what, where:** Joshua, horses, chariots This is Joshua 11:9 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Joshua, LORD — and what happens in the verse to Joshua, horses, chariots, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיַּ֤עַשׂ לָהֶם֙ יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר אָֽמַר־ל֖וֹ יְהוָ֑ה אֶת־סוּסֵיהֶ֣ם עִקֵּ֔ר וְאֶת־מַרְכְּבֹתֵיהֶ֖ם שָׂרַ֥ף בָּאֵֽשׁ׃ס [And Joshua did unto them as the LORD bade him; he houghed their horses, and burnt their chariots with fire.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.274/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOS:264 # text = וַיַּ֤עַשׂ לָהֶם֙ יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר אָֽמַר־ל֖וֹ יְהוָ֑ה אֶת־סוּסֵיהֶ֣ם עִקֵּ֔ר וְאֶת־מַרְכְּבֹתֵיהֶ֖ם שָׂרַ֥ף בָּאֵֽשׁ׃ס # verse = JOS.11.9 1-2 וַיַּ֤עַשׂ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_11:9!1|MId=o060110090011|Strong=2050b 2 יַּ֤עַשׂ עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.did|Ref=JOS_11:9!1|MId=o060110090012|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:060110090031;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 לָהֶם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 ל לְ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_11:9!2|MId=o060110090021|Strong=3807a 4 ָהֶם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=JOS_11:9!2|MId=o060110090022|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 5 יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ יְהֹושֻׁעַ PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Joshua|Ref=JOS_11:9!3|MId=o060110090031|Strong=3091 6-7 כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 כַּ כְּ ADP _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=just|Ref=JOS_11:9!4|MId=o060110090041|Strong=3509a 7 אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 8 mark _ Gloss=as|Ref=JOS_11:9!4|MId=o060110090042|Strong=0834|Type=relative 8 אָֽמַר־ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 6 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.had.said|Ref=JOS_11:9!5|MId=o060110090051|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:060110090071;|Type=qatal|SpaceAfter=No 9-10 ל֖וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 ל לְ ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_11:9!6|MId=o060110090061|Strong=3807a 10 ֖וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=JOS_11:9!6|MId=o060110090062|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 11 יְהוָ֑ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 8 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=JOS_11:9!7|MId=o060110090071|Strong=3068 12 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOS_11:9!8|MId=o060110090081|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 13-14 סוּסֵיהֶ֣ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 סוּסֵי סוּס NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 15 obj _ Gloss=horses|Ref=JOS_11:9!9|MId=o060110090091|Strong=5483 14 הֶ֣ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=JOS_11:9!9|MId=o060110090092|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 15 עִקֵּ֔ר עִקֵּר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=he.hamstrung|Ref=JOS_11:9!10|MId=o060110090101|Strong=6131|Frame=A0:060110090031;A1:060110090091;|Type=qatal 16-17 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_11:9!11|MId=o060110090111|Strong=2050b 17 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOS_11:9!11|MId=o060110090112|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 18-19 מַרְכְּבֹתֵיהֶ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 מַרְכְּבֹתֵי מֶרְכָּבָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 20 obj _ Gloss=chariots|Ref=JOS_11:9!12|MId=o060110090121|Strong=4818 19 הֶ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=JOS_11:9!12|MId=o060110090122|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 20 שָׂרַ֥ף שָׂרַף VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.burned|Ref=JOS_11:9!13|MId=o060110090131|Strong=8313|Frame=A0:060110090031;A1:060110090121;|Type=qatal 21-23 בָּאֵֽשׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 בָּ בְּ ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=JOS_11:9!14|MId=o060110090141|Strong=0871a 22 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 23 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JOS_11:9!14|MId=o060110090141ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 23 אֵֽשׁ אֵשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 20 obl _ Gloss=fire|Ref=JOS_11:9!14|MId=o060110090142|Strong=0784 24 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 23 punct _ Ref=JOS_11:9!14|SpaceAfter=No 25 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 23 punct _ Ref=JOS_11:9!14 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יַּעַשׂ *he did* | wayyiqtol · qal | יְהוֹשֻׁעַ *Joshua* | | | | | אָֽמַר־ *he had said* | qatal · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | | עִקֵּר *he hamstrung* | qatal · piel | יְהוֹשֻׁעַ *Joshua* | סוּסֵי *horses* | | | | שָׂרַף *he burned* | qatal · qal | יְהוֹשֻׁעַ *Joshua* | מַרְכְּבֹתֵי *chariots* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַעֲבַד לְהוֹן יְהוֹשֻׁעַ כְּמָא דַאֲמַר לֵיהּ יְיָ יַת סוּסְוָתְהוֹן עִקַר וְיַת רְתִיכֵיהוֹן אוֹקֵד בְּנוּרָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Joshua did unto them as the LORD bade him; he houghed their horses, and burnt their chariots with fire.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.274/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:264`. - ← previous: [Joshua 11:8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.11.8/) - next →: [Joshua 11:10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.11.10/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/11/)